Sentences with phrase «sea ice conditions for»

On 27 June 2008 a request was issued to the arctic research community requesting input for the June 2008 Outlook Report on arctic sea ice conditions for September 2008, to update the May Outlook using June data.

Arbetter, 4.7, Statistical A statistical model using regional observations of sea ice area and global NCEP air temperature, sea level pressure, and freezing degree day estimates continues the trend of projecting below - average summer sea ice conditions for the Arctic.

Not exact matches

One is changed environmental conditions for a discrete subpopulation of the original population, such as when ice ages cause dramatic changes in sea levels, cutting species into subgroups.

The case of this one polar bear and the failure of her offspring to survive in the new environmental conditions of the Arctic doesn't bode well for the future of the species, especially as Arctic sea ice continues to retreat at a record pace.

All the fish were in top condition, which suggests that there was enough food under the ice, making the sea ice a true nursery ground for polar cod.

Climate conditions around Ardley Island have been generally favourable for penguins over the last 7,000 years and the team had expected the local population to show minor fluctuations in response to changes in climate or sea ice.

«Yet our biomarker data show acceptable living conditions for phytoplankton and sea ice algae, namely open waters and seasonal ice cover — a wide difference to kilometre - thick ice,» says Rüdiger Stein.

Scientists at the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC), University College London, University of New Hampshire and University of Washington analyzed 300 summer Arctic sea ice forecasts from 2008 to 2013 and found that forecasts are quite accurate when sea ice conditions are close to the downward trend that has been observed in Arctic sea ice for the last 30 yeaIce Data Center (NSIDC), University College London, University of New Hampshire and University of Washington analyzed 300 summer Arctic sea ice forecasts from 2008 to 2013 and found that forecasts are quite accurate when sea ice conditions are close to the downward trend that has been observed in Arctic sea ice for the last 30 yeaice forecasts from 2008 to 2013 and found that forecasts are quite accurate when sea ice conditions are close to the downward trend that has been observed in Arctic sea ice for the last 30 yeaice conditions are close to the downward trend that has been observed in Arctic sea ice for the last 30 yeaice for the last 30 years.

Bacteria, however, have remained Earth's most successful form of life — found miles deep below as well as within and on surface rock, within and beneath the oceans and polar ice, floating in the air, and within as well as on Homo sapiens sapiens; and some Arctic thermophiles apparently even have life - cycle hibernation periods of up to a 100 million years while waiting for warmer conditions underneath increasing layers of sea sediments (Lewis Dartnell, New Scientist, September 20, 2010; and Hubert et al, 2010).

The implications of considering Arctic sea - ice - free conditions for the transformation of the global energy system are severe.

Sea ice decline alters the pole pressure gradient, leads for instance to a higher amplitude Jet Stream and more ridges which create more stucky — persistent conditions.

I am saying that increased CO2 is responsible for the melting the Arctic sea ice which will be catatrophic, since the sea ice acts as the air conditioning unit for the planet.

This is quite subtle though — weather forecast models obviously do better if they have initial conditions that are closer to the observations, and one might argue that for particular climate model predictions that are strongly dependent on the base climatology (such as for Arctic sea ice) tuning to the climatology will be worthwhile.

First is the identification of a runaway condition in outflow glaciers of the West Antarctic ice sheet that makes the IPCC prediction for year - 2100 sea level rise clearly obsolete.

Hopefully, this bodes well for sea ice survival this summer, but as you will likely see if you look in once in awhile, the surface conditions change remarkably during the summer, and from the appearance you may appreciate the associated changes in the fraction of solar heating absorbed by the ice.

It is also possible for cold climates to increase chemical weathering in some ways, by lowering sea level to expose more land to erosion (though I'd guess this can also increase oxydation of C in sediments) and by supplying more sediments via glacial erosion for chemical weathering (of course, those sediments must make it to warmer conditions to make the process effective — downhill and downstream, or perhaps via pulsed ice ages -LRB-?)-RRB-.

For several years, Rhett Herman, a physics professor at Radford University, has been leading students on an expedition each spring break to study the condition of the sea ice off the coast near Barrow, Alaska.

Of course, what happens this summer is important, but I think the sea ice is conditioned for a colder, and more extensive sea ice during the next couple of seasons.

Regarding conditions for spring 2012, Figure 4 shows maps of ice categories derived from sea - ice age for the beginning of May 2012, with maps for early May and mid-September 2011 included for comparison.

Nevertheless, taking advantage of mild sea ice conditions, the 68,000 - ton Crystal Serenity set sail from Anchorage, Alaska on August 16 for its 32 - day journey through the Northwest Passage via Amundsen's route.

The year 2007 was a «perfect storm» of atmospheric conditions for sea ice loss during all of the summer (Zhang et al. 2008, and others).

Arctic sea ice shrank to its lowest level in 38 years last month, setting a record low for the month of May and setting up conditions for what could become the smallest Arctic ice extent in history, according to National Snow and Ice Data Center data released Tuesdice shrank to its lowest level in 38 years last month, setting a record low for the month of May and setting up conditions for what could become the smallest Arctic ice extent in history, according to National Snow and Ice Data Center data released Tuesdice extent in history, according to National Snow and Ice Data Center data released TuesdIce Data Center data released Tuesday.

If this thinning would have eliminated ice from areas observed to have sea ice, a minimum thickness of 20 cm was left in place for the ice initial condition.

For example, conditions at the poles affect how much heat is retained by the earth because of the reflective properties of ice and snow, the world's ocean circulation depends on sinking in polar regions, and melting of the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets could have drastic effects on sea level.

Rapidly changing conditions also have repercussions for human populations whose income and culture depend on sea ice.

However, severe sea ice conditions still exist and in consequence many locations are impossible for ship based operations.

On the other side of the Arctic, Russian martime operations using icebreakers on the Northern Sea Route began in 1932 and give no evidence for improving ice conditions in this period; rather the opposite, as 1937 and 1940 were noted for heavy ice in the Laptev Sea.

If they do so by simulating near - average conditions most of the time, they are getting the right answer for the wrong reason, and their predictions of future sea ice decline should be discounted.

Although July data indicated that the sea ice might be on track for a slight recovery from 2007 (though still well below «normal» climatological conditions), new sea ice data and weather forecasts show that total ice extent in early August declined at about twice the rate of any other time this summer.

Lukovich et al. (Centre for Earth Observation Science, U. of Manitoba); 4.6; Heuristic - Dynamics Investigation of dynamical atmospheric contributions in spring to sea ice conditions in fall, based on comparison of 2011 and 2007 stratospheric and surface winds and sea level pressure (SLP) in April and May suggests regional differences in sea ice extent in fall, in a manner consistent with recent studies highlighting the importance of coastal geometry in seasonal interpretations of sea ice cover (Eisenman, 2010).

A heuristic forecast for ice conditions in the Lincoln Sea and Nares Strait was submitted by Gudmandsen.

A regression - based forecast for September ice extent around Svalbard (an area extending from 72 — 85N and 0 — 40E), which uses May sea surface temperatures, the March index of the Arctic Oscillation, and April ice conditions as predictors, yielded a mean ice extent in September 2010 of 255,788 square kilometers around Svalbard.

Regarding initial conditions for Spring 2010, Figure 2 by Maslanik and others shows maps of sea ice classes derived from sea ice age for April 2010 and 2009.

A prediction for the September ice area in the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas based on persistence suggests a recovery to pre-2007 conditions.

Northward winds in the European sector of Arctic provided usual conditions for ice melting in the Barents Sea and lesser in the Kara Sea.

Lukovich et al. (University of Manitoba); 4.0 Million Square Kilometers; Heuristic Surface, stratospheric, and ice conditions in 2010 relative to 2007 atmospheric and ice conditions during June provide the basis for projection of September sea ice extent.

Whereas most proxy - based reconstructions point to an early - middle LIG climatic optimum with reduced summer sea ice concentrations between 126 and 116 ka, the results of our model simulations only support a pronounced reduction in summer sea ice concentration for the LIG - 125 and LIG - 130 runs (in both time slice as well as transient runs; Figs. 8 and 9), but also indicate that sea ice was still present in the central Arctic Ocean even under climatic conditions significantly warmer than today (Fig. 4).

During their work as part of the Norwegian - led research project Norwegian Young Sea Ice Cruise (N - ICE2015), an expedition launched to observe Arctic sea ice conditions, they were accustomed to watching for danger signs and moving quickly to salvage their gear and instruments when the ice broke Sea Ice Cruise (N - ICE2015), an expedition launched to observe Arctic sea ice conditions, they were accustomed to watching for danger signs and moving quickly to salvage their gear and instruments when the ice broke Ice Cruise (N - ICE2015), an expedition launched to observe Arctic sea ice conditions, they were accustomed to watching for danger signs and moving quickly to salvage their gear and instruments when the ice broke ICE2015), an expedition launched to observe Arctic sea ice conditions, they were accustomed to watching for danger signs and moving quickly to salvage their gear and instruments when the ice broke sea ice conditions, they were accustomed to watching for danger signs and moving quickly to salvage their gear and instruments when the ice broke ice conditions, they were accustomed to watching for danger signs and moving quickly to salvage their gear and instruments when the ice broke ice broke up.

Whereas the simulations for March and June are all quite similar, the September sea ice concentration of the central Arctic Ocean is significantly lower under conditions with a closed Bering Strait and half - flooded shelf seas (Fig. 8, Supplementary Fig. 9).

IP25 vs. brassicasterol plot, indicative for sea ice conditions.

These new sea ice proxy records are needed (1) to fully prove the scenarios of a succession from an extended ice shelf to polynya / open - water conditions (cf., Fig. 6), (2) to reconstruct in more detail the changes in sea ice cover for early, middle and late LIG intervals characterized by very different external forcings and related internal feedback mechanisms, and (3) to allow a more fundamental proxy data / modeling comparison that results in model improvements and better reproduction of the LIG climatic evolution and prediction of future climatic scenarios20, 21,22,23, 64.

Finally, we have compared the Arctic sea ice conditions of the LIG and simulated future climate projections for 2100 and 2300, based on two different IPCC scenarios2, the RCP4.5 (583 ppm CO2eq) and the RCP6 (808 ppm CO2eq)(Fig. 8).

These cores were recovered from areas characterized by different sea ice conditions today, ranging from perennial sea ice in the central Arctic Ocean to seasonal sea ice conditions along the Barents Sea continental margin (Fig. 1; see Methods for more detailsea ice conditions today, ranging from perennial sea ice in the central Arctic Ocean to seasonal sea ice conditions along the Barents Sea continental margin (Fig. 1; see Methods for more detailsea ice in the central Arctic Ocean to seasonal sea ice conditions along the Barents Sea continental margin (Fig. 1; see Methods for more detailsea ice conditions along the Barents Sea continental margin (Fig. 1; see Methods for more detailSea continental margin (Fig. 1; see Methods for more details).

By considering also a phytoplankton biomarker indicative for open - water primary production, these extremes can be easily separated as under a permanent sea ice cover the phytoplankton biomarker is absent but reaches maximum concentrations under open - water conditions (Fig. 3, Supplementary Fig. 1) 31, 38.

If climate models are able to reproduce past warm climatic conditions (such as those of the LIG), including the extent of Arctic sea ice cover, we will have additional confidence in their representation of Arctic processes and their projections for the future20, 21,22,23.

They wrote that Dyck, Soon and their collaborators ignored data from the previous decade that showed that as the climate warmed, the sea ice is melting earlier each spring, sending polar bears ashore for longer periods of time in progressively poorer condition.

For the LIG - 120 interval, we record an apparent mismatch between the LIG - 120 simulation (suggesting sea ice conditions similar to those of the PI conditions)(Figs. 4 and 8) and the proxy - based sea ice record (suggesting minimum sea ice concentrations similar to the early - mid-LIG (Fig. 7a).

Strong katabatic winds related to the ice sheets (shown tentatively as stippled black arrows), were probably responsible for ice - free polynya - type conditions off the major ice sheets, causing phytoplankton and sea - ice algae productivity recorded in cores PS2138 - 3 and PS2757 - 8 (for the region off the Greenland - Laurentide Ice Sheet no proof from sediment cores are availabice sheets (shown tentatively as stippled black arrows), were probably responsible for ice - free polynya - type conditions off the major ice sheets, causing phytoplankton and sea - ice algae productivity recorded in cores PS2138 - 3 and PS2757 - 8 (for the region off the Greenland - Laurentide Ice Sheet no proof from sediment cores are availabice - free polynya - type conditions off the major ice sheets, causing phytoplankton and sea - ice algae productivity recorded in cores PS2138 - 3 and PS2757 - 8 (for the region off the Greenland - Laurentide Ice Sheet no proof from sediment cores are availabice sheets, causing phytoplankton and sea - ice algae productivity recorded in cores PS2138 - 3 and PS2757 - 8 (for the region off the Greenland - Laurentide Ice Sheet no proof from sediment cores are availabice algae productivity recorded in cores PS2138 - 3 and PS2757 - 8 (for the region off the Greenland - Laurentide Ice Sheet no proof from sediment cores are availabIce Sheet no proof from sediment cores are available.

The ensemble consists of seven members each of which uses a unique set of NCEP / NCAR atmospheric forcing fields from recent years, representing recent climate, such that ensemble member 1 uses 2005 NCEP / NCAR forcing, member 2 uses 2006 forcing..., and member 7 uses 2011 forcing... In addition, the recently available IceBridge and helicopter - based electromagnetic (HEM) ice thickness quicklook data are assimilated into the initial 12 - category sea ice thickness distribution fields in order to improve the initial conditions for the predictions.

Such an extended ice sheet associated with strong katabatic winds should have caused polynya - like open - water conditions in front of the ice sheet (Fig. 5a), resulting in increased fluxes of phytoplankton, ice algae and terrigenous matter as observed in the PS2757 - 8 record (Fig. 2c and Fig. 6, Scenario 2), i.e., a situation similar to that proposed for the Barents Sea continental margin (Fig. 5a) 57, 58.