Sentences with phrase «sea ice cover during»

Figure 1: Map of Arctic sea ice cover during its record low minimum in September 2012.

These data strongly point to predominantly perennial sea ice cover during the glacial and LIG (Fig. 3b), preventing algal production during the spring and summer.

In conclusion, we are aware that our low - resolution proxy study of the Arctic Ocean sea ice cover during MIS 6 and MIS 5 is only a first but important step.

The latest studies on Arctic sea ice indicate that sea ice cover during the 20th century did not depart significantly from the record sea ice levels during the Little Ice Age (1600 — 1700 AD).

The overall Arctic sea ice cover during June averaged 4.09 million square miles, the lowest in the satellite record for the month, according to the NSIDC.

Arctic warming has caused a rapid decline in sea ice cover during the past decade that could seriously affect everything from Arctic ecosystems to shipping and oil drilling.

«This highly unusual state of the atmosphere has been linked to record low sea ice cover during summer over the Arctic Ocean.

Not exact matches

Some researchers say that the ice sheet must have melted during the Pliocene, allowing trees to cover the mountains and diatoms to thrive in the seas.

Ice - covered sea areas in the Arctic Ocean during summer have nearly halved since the 1970s and 1980s, raising alarm that the ocean is shifting from a multiyear to a seasonal ice zoIce - covered sea areas in the Arctic Ocean during summer have nearly halved since the 1970s and 1980s, raising alarm that the ocean is shifting from a multiyear to a seasonal ice zoice zone.

«Thanks to the sediment core data, we have clear evidence that, during the last interglacial roughly 125,000 years ago, the central Arctic Ocean was still covered with sea ice during the summer.

«The combined sea ice data suggest that the seasonal Arctic sea ice cover was strongly reduced during most of the early Holocene and there appear to have been periods of ice free summers in the central Arctic Ocean.

Rather than projecting out to the mid-twenty-first century, it is clear that the Arctic Ocean already has crossed a threshold with open water during the summer and first - year sea ice during the winter covering more than 50 percent of its area.

The park covers 140 km ², of which 16 km ² is granite islands, formed by upwellings of hot magma during the Tertiary - Cretaceous period some 65 million years ago, then later smoothed by glacial ice and wave action of the sea.

Screen and Simmonds state in their abstract that: «Arctic warming is strongest at the surface during most of the year and is primarily consistent with reductions in sea ice cover.

Arctic climatic extremes include 25 °C hyperthermal periods during the Paleocene - Eocene (56 — 46 million years ago, Ma), Quaternary glacial periods when thick ice shelves and sea ice cover rendered the Arctic Ocean nearly uninhabitable, seasonally sea - ice - free interglacials and abrupt climate reversals.

The empirical evidence from the past two decades reveals that declining sea ice cover and thickness have been great enough to enhance Arctic warming during most of the year.

Progress in understanding this connection has converged on two key factors: (1) the variability of autumn snow cover in Eurasia, and (2) the variability of sea ice coverage in the Barents - Kara Sea during late fall and early wintsea ice coverage in the Barents - Kara Sea during late fall and early wintSea during late fall and early winter.

«The combined sea ice data suggest that the seasonal Arctic sea ice cover was strongly reduced during most of the early Holocene and there appear to have been periods of ice free summers in the central Arctic Ocean.»

Multidecadal anomalies of Bohai Sea ice cover and potential climate driving factors during 1988 - 2015.

Actual visual observations of sea ice recently made from aircraft during buoy deployment operations over the Arctic by the Naval Oceanographic Office and National Guard confirm that the ice cover is noticeably thinner and that it is more fractured than in previous years.

That means, the perennial sea ice cover must have been interrupted by phases with some restricted open - water conditions during summer that allowed foraminifers to reproduce56.

Including open - water phytoplankton biomarkers as well as micropaleontological data, we demonstrate (1) that a permanent sea ice cover existed during MIS 6 and (2) that during the LIG sea ice was still present in the central Arctic Ocean during the spring / summer season even under (global) boundary conditions significantly warmer than the present.

Based on these data, an extended but variable sea ice cover with closed sea ice to ice - edge conditions occurred during late MIS 6 (Fig. 3b, Supplementary Fig. 1).

Warm Greenland during the last interglacial: the role of regional changes in sea ice cover.

During the MIS 5 interstadials, a seasonal sea ice cover and ice - edge conditions seem to have been most prominent, with minimum sea ice concentrations towards almost ice - free summers during MIS 5e (Eemian)(FigDuring the MIS 5 interstadials, a seasonal sea ice cover and ice - edge conditions seem to have been most prominent, with minimum sea ice concentrations towards almost ice - free summers during MIS 5e (Eemian)(Figduring MIS 5e (Eemian)(Fig. 3b).

Core PS2757 - 8 is located on the southern Lomonosov Ridge close to the Laptev Sea continental margin, an area that is predominantly covered by sea ice (Fig. 1; 7/10 summer sea ice concentration) but may occasionally be even ice - free during summSea continental margin, an area that is predominantly covered by sea ice (Fig. 1; 7/10 summer sea ice concentration) but may occasionally be even ice - free during summsea ice (Fig. 1; 7/10 summer sea ice concentration) but may occasionally be even ice - free during summsea ice concentration) but may occasionally be even ice - free during summer.

Schematic illustration of Arctic sea ice cover and circum - Arctic ice sheets during MIS 6.

Anomalous cyclonic atmospheric circulation throughout the Arctic Basin during June has continued to precondition sea ice, making the ice cover vulnerable to a precipitous drop in sea ice extent; however the persistence of the June cyclonic circulation (and cloudiness associated with the surface lows) has induced divergence within the sea ice cover, and has delayed the onset of the rapid sea ice extent decline typically observed in June.

Population increase of polar bears on Svalbard and decrease in sea - ice cover in the Arctic region during summer probably results in more frequent interactions with reindeer on the archipelago.

The CBD wrote, «The Emperor colony at Terre Adelie in East Antarctica» featured in the Academy Award - winning French documentary, March of the Penguins» plummeted by more than 50 % in the late 1970s during a warm period with little sea ice cover, when adults died en masse.

In recent years, up to 40 percent of the region that was previously covered with sea ice has been ice - free during summers.

Sea ice covered an average of 6.3 m sq kilometres (2.42 m sq miles) during August, according to the national snow and ice data centre.

There is some evidence that the Arctic sea - ice cover has decreased about 6 % during the last two decades, and that the mean ice thickness has decreased as well.

There was also less sea ice during this time (1887 - 1945), as the sea ice cover disappeared 1.1 month sooner than it does today.

During that same time period, the western Arctic Ocean was covered in sea ice (> 50 %) only about 5 or 6 months per year (McKay et al., 2008).

By comparison, the western Arctic is covered in sea ice (> 50 %) about 10.5 months per year during the modern era (1954 - 2001), suggesting a much cooler Arctic region today.

Sea - ice cover was also below average, especially during the cooler months at the beginning and the end of the year.

Satellite records show a constant downward trend in the area covered by Arctic sea ice during all seasons, but in particular in summer.

In light of all those results, it is very likely that the Arctic sea ice cover will continue to shrink and thin during the 21st century.

To date, the Northwest Passage has been predicted to remain closed even during reduced ice cover by multi-year ice pack — sea ice that survives one or more summers.

Less sea ice cover and a shorter ice season allows wind and wave action to attack the previously ice - protected coastline, especially during the autumn storm season.

Statistics Canada — Average area covered by total (all) sea ice during summer from 1968 to 2010 for sea ice regions of Arctic Domain — EnviroStats — See how clear the trends are in all of Canada's arctic regions: down, down, down at something like 7 or 8 percent a decade.