Not exact matches
The data to assess
sea -
ice coverage come
from polar - orbiting satellites carrying passive - microwave sensors that can see through clouds.
At summer's end,
sea -
ice coverage was one - third smaller than the average
from 1979 to 2000.
This positive climate feedback is greater than expected
from the additional forcing alone, due to amplification by reduced surface albedo through melting of continental snow and decreased
sea -
ice coverage, especially in the wintertime.
During the so - called Holocene Climate Optimum,
from approximately 8000 to 5000 years ago, when the temperatures were somewhat warmer than today, there was significantly less
sea ice in the Arctic Ocean, probably less than 50 % of the summer 2007
coverage, which is absolutely lowest on record.
Analysis of observed declines in
sea ice and snow
coverage from 1979 to 2008 suggests that the NH albedo feedback is between 0.3 and 1.1 W m — 2 °C — 1 (Flanner et al., 2011).
Cloud
coverage is the biggest player in this case, without will make a great melt, or if not, totally save
sea ice extent
from collapsing further.
Drawing on Hadley Centre
Sea Ice and Sea Temperature data from 1953 to 1978 and the National Snow and Ice Data Center's Sea Ice Index from 1979 to 2015, the researchers computed 30 - year running averages of September sea ice coverage — that is, they computed averages for the years 1953 — 83, 1954 — 84, 1955 — 85, and so
Sea Ice and Sea Temperature data from 1953 to 1978 and the National Snow and Ice Data Center's Sea Ice Index from 1979 to 2015, the researchers computed 30 - year running averages of September sea ice coverage — that is, they computed averages for the years 1953 — 83, 1954 — 84, 1955 — 85, and so
Ice and
Sea Temperature data from 1953 to 1978 and the National Snow and Ice Data Center's Sea Ice Index from 1979 to 2015, the researchers computed 30 - year running averages of September sea ice coverage — that is, they computed averages for the years 1953 — 83, 1954 — 84, 1955 — 85, and so
Sea Temperature data
from 1953 to 1978 and the National Snow and
Ice Data Center's Sea Ice Index from 1979 to 2015, the researchers computed 30 - year running averages of September sea ice coverage — that is, they computed averages for the years 1953 — 83, 1954 — 84, 1955 — 85, and so
Ice Data Center's
Sea Ice Index from 1979 to 2015, the researchers computed 30 - year running averages of September sea ice coverage — that is, they computed averages for the years 1953 — 83, 1954 — 84, 1955 — 85, and so
Sea Ice Index from 1979 to 2015, the researchers computed 30 - year running averages of September sea ice coverage — that is, they computed averages for the years 1953 — 83, 1954 — 84, 1955 — 85, and so
Ice Index
from 1979 to 2015, the researchers computed 30 - year running averages of September
sea ice coverage — that is, they computed averages for the years 1953 — 83, 1954 — 84, 1955 — 85, and so
sea ice coverage — that is, they computed averages for the years 1953 — 83, 1954 — 84, 1955 — 85, and so
ice coverage — that is, they computed averages for the years 1953 — 83, 1954 — 84, 1955 — 85, and so on.
The
sea ice off Iceland reveals an extraordinary growth in severity,
from zero
coverage before the year 1200 to eight - week average cover in the 13th century, rising to 40 weeks in the 19th century, and dropping again to eight weeks in the 20th century.
Sea ice coverage in the fjord ranges
from thicker, white
ice seen in the background, to thinner grease
ice and leads showing open ocean water in the foreground.
If you'll recall
from my previous post, polar bears seem to have barely survived the extensive
sea ice coverage during the Last Glacial Maximum — in other words, too much
ice (even over the short term) is their biggest threat.
Antarctic
sea ice coverage is slightly above average and the growth varies
from one part of Antarctica to another.
BBC News reports that data
from Europe's Cryosat spacecraft shows that Arctic
sea ice coverage was nearly 9,000 cubic kilometers (2,100 cubic miles) by the end of this year's melting season, up
from about 6,000 cubic kilometers (1,400 cubic miles) during the same time last year.
To make use of that potential we would need good estimates of
sea ice thickness, such as might be obtained
from ICESat or CryoSat (i.e., complete spatial
coverage).
The SH
sea ice data are reliable since 1979, but suffer
from poor observational
coverage before 1979, and revert to climatology before 1974.
The separation in REA16 of the effect of masking
from that of
sea ice changes on blending air and water temperature changes is somewhat artificial, since HadCRUT4 has limited
coverage in areas where
sea ice occurs.
Also, take a lesson
from the last glacial about the power of a few degrees temperature change on
ice coverage,
sea levels, etc..
That might have changed this week with the
coverage of announcement of «
Ice Melt,
Sea Level Rise and Superstorms: Evidence
from Paleoclimate Data, Climate Modeling, and Modern Observations that 2 °C Global Warming is Highly Dangerous» by James Hansen and 16 other eminent scientists.