Not exact matches
Last Friday afternoon,
on a conference call hosted by the National Research Council to present a recent report
on the Arctic region, Stephanie Pfirman, an environmental science professor at Barnard College, said Arctic
ice coverage is shrinking and that thicker
sea ice blocks, which anchor much of the landscape, are rapidly melting.
The
ice coverage on the Arctic Ocean shriveled last September to 1.32 million square miles, the smallest expanse ever recorded and less than half the area covered by
sea ice three decades ago.
The Arctic Ocean's end - of - summer
sea ice coverage has decreased,
on average, more than 13 percent per decade since 1979.
Again, Monckton must surely know full well that for the last 25 - 30 years satellite temperature measurement of
sea and land surface have replaced terrestrial temperature station measurements in many cases since these give a much greater
coverage (70 % of the surface of the Earth is water... it's difficult to put weather stations
on top of
ice sheets etc.!)
During the so - called Holocene Climate Optimum, from approximately 8000 to 5000 years ago, when the temperatures were somewhat warmer than today, there was significantly less
sea ice in the Arctic Ocean, probably less than 50 % of the summer 2007
coverage, which is absolutely lowest
on record.
Unfortunately, the tough scientific work to clarify
ice and
sea trends and dynamics has largely been obscured online by
coverage focused
on an error
on Greenland
ice loss that many polar scientists say made it into the new edition of the Times Comprehensive Atlas of the World (that's the British Times, just to be clear).
You can find out more (and see links to my earlier
coverage of Arctic
sea -
ice trends, and what's going
on with
sea ice at the other end of the planet) in my latest post
on Dot Earth.
Given that this summer's minimum has fallen below last year's and will settle in at the 2nd or 3rd lowest
on record, last summer's minimum now appears more as a bump in the road toward continuing lower Arctic
sea ice coverage.
It is not that the polar regions are amplifying the warming «going
on» at lower latitudes, it is that any warming going
on AT THE POLES is amplified through inherent positive feedback processes AT THE POLES, and specifically this is primarily the
ice - albedo positive feedback process whereby more open water leads to more warming leads to more open water, etc. *** «Climate model simulations have shown that
ice albedo feedbacks associated with variations in snow and
sea -
ice coverage are a key factor in positive feedback mechanisms which amplify climate change at high northern latitudes...»
Drawing
on Hadley Centre
Sea Ice and Sea Temperature data from 1953 to 1978 and the National Snow and Ice Data Center's Sea Ice Index from 1979 to 2015, the researchers computed 30 - year running averages of September sea ice coverage — that is, they computed averages for the years 1953 — 83, 1954 — 84, 1955 — 85, and so
Sea Ice and Sea Temperature data from 1953 to 1978 and the National Snow and Ice Data Center's Sea Ice Index from 1979 to 2015, the researchers computed 30 - year running averages of September sea ice coverage — that is, they computed averages for the years 1953 — 83, 1954 — 84, 1955 — 85, and so
Ice and
Sea Temperature data from 1953 to 1978 and the National Snow and Ice Data Center's Sea Ice Index from 1979 to 2015, the researchers computed 30 - year running averages of September sea ice coverage — that is, they computed averages for the years 1953 — 83, 1954 — 84, 1955 — 85, and so
Sea Temperature data from 1953 to 1978 and the National Snow and
Ice Data Center's Sea Ice Index from 1979 to 2015, the researchers computed 30 - year running averages of September sea ice coverage — that is, they computed averages for the years 1953 — 83, 1954 — 84, 1955 — 85, and so
Ice Data Center's
Sea Ice Index from 1979 to 2015, the researchers computed 30 - year running averages of September sea ice coverage — that is, they computed averages for the years 1953 — 83, 1954 — 84, 1955 — 85, and so
Sea Ice Index from 1979 to 2015, the researchers computed 30 - year running averages of September sea ice coverage — that is, they computed averages for the years 1953 — 83, 1954 — 84, 1955 — 85, and so
Ice Index from 1979 to 2015, the researchers computed 30 - year running averages of September
sea ice coverage — that is, they computed averages for the years 1953 — 83, 1954 — 84, 1955 — 85, and so
sea ice coverage — that is, they computed averages for the years 1953 — 83, 1954 — 84, 1955 — 85, and so
ice coverage — that is, they computed averages for the years 1953 — 83, 1954 — 84, 1955 — 85, and so
on.
The estimates also suggests, based
on current
sea -
ice coverage, that it will take another trillion metric tons of carbon dioxide emissions before Arctic summer
sea ice more or less vanishes.
-- Susan Solomon, Nature The Long Thaw is written for anyone who wishes to know what cutting - edge science tells us about the modern issue of global warming and its effects
on the pathways of atmospheric chemistry, as well as global and regional temperatures, rainfall,
sea level, Arctic
sea -
ice coverage, melting of the continental
ice sheets, cyclonic storm frequency and intensity and ocean acidification.
Progress in understanding this connection has converged
on two key factors: (1) the variability of autumn snow cover in Eurasia, and (2) the variability of
sea ice coverage in the Barents - Kara Sea during late fall and early wint
sea ice coverage in the Barents - Kara
Sea during late fall and early wint
Sea during late fall and early winter.
For Antarctica, the lowest maximum extent, recorded
on September 12, follows a record low minimum
sea ice coverage recorded
on March 1 after the summer thaw, he said.
600 At all stages, seeds of regime reversal are embedded within the collection of sub-processes regulating the Arctic freshwater balance, thereby subtly and incrementally imposing «curbs»
on the prevailing trend of
sea ice coverage, assuring an inevitable regime reversal years in the future.
The separation in REA16 of the effect of masking from that of
sea ice changes
on blending air and water temperature changes is somewhat artificial, since HadCRUT4 has limited
coverage in areas where
sea ice occurs.
Also, take a lesson from the last glacial about the power of a few degrees temperature change
on ice coverage,
sea levels, etc..
This year, as has been true since 1979, that
sea ice coverage is abundant across the Arctic for seals that are giving birth and mating at this time as well as for polar bears busy feeding
on young seals and mating.
Finally, as Arctic
sea ice coverage drops below 4 million k ^ 2, what affect will a nearly or totally
ice - free Arctic Ocean have
on troposphere dynamics?
The microwave imagers SSM / I and SSMIS
on these DMSP satellites have provided the research community with extremely important CDRs, including
sea ice coverage, water vapor, wind speed, rainfall, and cloud water.
During the summertime
sea ice melt, after the surface snow has melted off, the albedo of melting
ice is complicated by the presence of melt ponds and depends
on the areal
coverage and depth distribution of the melt ponds.
The point is that, objectively speaking, based
on actual data, not model data or nursery stories, the total global
sea ice coverage is currently above average.