Sentences with phrase «sea ice depth»

But his trip was a few decades ago when the average sea ice depth was 3.1 meters; now it is down to 1.7 meters and models suggest that it will continue thinning and retreating with our global warming.

Not exact matches

Previous observations of the thickness of Antarctic sea ice produced a mean draught — the depth between the waterline and the bottom of the ice sheet — of around 1 meter; the new work gives a mean draught of over 3 meters.

«During Norwegian winters, sea surface water is colder than at depth, so by lifting warmer water to the surface using bubble curtains, we can prevent the fjords from icing up», he says.

At its height between 1960 and 1980, Polyarka was staffed by more than fifty working scientists, engineers, and technicians focused on measurements of surface weather, snow depth, sea ice, and conditions in the upper atmosphere.

When sea levels rose at the end of the Ice Age, the once dry cave filled with sea water producing the hole that now measures 1000 feet across with a depth of over 460 feet.

Sea level dropped during the last glacial maximum, but there was no ice sheet in Siberia, so the surface was exposed to the really cold atmosphere, and the ground froze to a depth of ~ 1.5 km.

The model variables that are evaluated against all sorts of observations and measurements range from solar radiation and precipitation rates, air and sea surface temperatures, cloud properties and distributions, winds, river runoff, ocean currents, ice cover, albedos, even the maximum soil depth reached by plant roots (seriously!).

The team, which Marc led and provided the logistical support for, deployed from Resolute to Nord Greenland before setting up a rustic field camp on the sea ice for six days, during which time we mechanically drilled the ice to measure thickness, measuring snow depth in a grid pattern along the flight lines as well as dragging instruments along the surface that produced the same measurements for comparison to the airborne data.

So the north polar sea ice has been steadily thinning in depth and shrinking in area for more than 30 years.

Snow depth and ice thickness measurements from the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas collected during the AMSR - Ice03 campaign.

Currently, the NASA IceBridge mission supplies both sea ice thickness and snow depth measurements in spring, providing timely information on the state of the ice cover as the melt season begins.

The area and depth of the ponds depends on sea ice age (internal structure as well as surface topography), and ponds that melt completely through are called melt holes.

Furthermore we recommend that effort should be put into developing an inter-annually varying snow depth and density over sea ice product for the ice - covered oceans.

Snow depth obtained from SMOS over thick sea ice might be an important contribution here.

Sea ice extent is how much of the ocean is covered by sea ice, not the depth of the iSea ice extent is how much of the ocean is covered by sea ice, not the depth of the isea ice, not the depth of the ice.

Altered precipitation patterns can also lead to extra snow, adding depth to both land and sea ice.

As a layman (which probably 99 % of us are on the topic of sea ice) and trying to learn something — it appears that people who are posting are sometimes not distinguishing between (1) surface area and (2) volume (surface area plus depth of old ice).

When the convective processes of the atmosphere remove enough water vapor from the oceans to drop sea levels and build polar ice caps, as has happened many times before, the top 35 meters of the oceans where climate models assume the only thermal mixing occurs, must heat up cold ocean water that comes from depths below the original 35 meter depth, removing vast more amounts of heat from the earth's surface and atmosphere.

A post-season report will provide an in - depth analysis of factors driving sea ice this summer as well as explore the scientific methods for predicting seasonal conditions.

We all know this is the reason we have an active geological planet, that the ice is melting from beneath, that the sea floors have been changing depth, that volcano's are going off all over, that mud is spewing out of the surface, that wildlife is dying enmasse, and so who in hell do these imbeciles think they are fooling?

Projected decline in spring snow depth on Arctic sea ice caused by progressively later autumn open ocean freeze - up this century

Kwok et al. 2011 measured snow depth from the air in April 2009, via microwave radar, along several Arctic tracks that included a transect from the Alaskan shore through annual ice in the Beaufort Sea, several through multiyear ice and one through mixed annual plus multiyear ice.

Airborne surveys of snow depth over Arctic sea ice.

Tidal variability in more complex regional models that include sea ice, ice shelves, and ocean currents that vary with depth, is obtained by using global models to set tides at the regional model's open boundaries.

Snow depth over sea ice data You might be surprised to find out how few data on snow depth over sea ice exists (i.e., actual observations or measurements), apart from measurements that ringed seal researchers have collected.

Snow depth over sea ice in spring affects the hunting success of polar bears on ringed seal (Phoca hispida) pups, but the relationship is more complicated than you might think and there is less data on this phenomenon than you would believe.

Hezel, P. J., X. Zhang, C. M. Bitz, B. P. Kelly, and F. Massonnet, 2012: Projected decline in spring snow depth on Arctic sea ice caused by progressively later autumn open ocean freeze - up this century.

Snow depth over sea ice is also a factor, but one that is very difficult to document.

Onshore measurements had to be used as a proxy for on - ice snow depth, since there are no data for snow depth over sea ice on Hudson Bay.

See also the Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies, Ice and Snow Cover, 1 year animation, from Environment Canada, for snow depth records over the last 365 days that include Hudson Bay.

There are important implications of this poor record of snow depth observations over sea ice for predicting future conditions.

Bosse (Citizen Scientist / Public), 4.1 (± 0.43), Statistical (Same as June) Just as in the two years before I calculate the value for the September - minimum of the arctic sea ice extent of the year n (NSIDC monthly mean for September) from the Ocean Heat Content (0... 700m depth) northward 65 ° N during JJAS of the year n - 1.

It emphasises that there is a strong internal relationship between the formation, stability and extent of sea ‐ ice and the structure of the upper layer of the Arctic ocean: it is the relative area and depth of low - salinity arctic water above the halocline that are paramount to ice formation and its summer survival.

NASA Icebridge - Snow depth and sea ice thickness data from the Quick Look data product.

A post-season report provides an in - depth analysis of factors driving sea ice extent this summer as well as explore the scientific methods for predicting seasonal ice extent.

That means the ice thickness would be roughly (1 /.9) times the depth of the sea bottom.

Using a model that tracked a range of habitat conditions, including water temperature and depth from sea ice, to predict which habitats would be most impacted by climate change, William Cheung, the study's lead author, and his colleagues found that around 50 species of commercial fishes living near or at the poles will go extinct within the next 4 decades.

When a full - depth ocean model is used, something intriguing happens: the loss of Arctic sea ice triggers a far - flung response that mimics climate change itself, including a slowdown of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), a build - up of heat in the tropical oceans over several decades, and a warming of the atmosphere a few miles above the tropics.

A post-season report will provide an in - depth analysis of factors driving sea ice extent this summer as well as explore the scientific methods for predicting seasonal ice extent.

During the summertime sea ice melt, after the surface snow has melted off, the albedo of melting ice is complicated by the presence of melt ponds and depends on the areal coverage and depth distribution of the melt ponds.