Sentences with phrase «sea ice formation in»

Sea ice formation in the Amundsen and Bellingshausen seas has decreased by 10 % per decade and has also shortened in seasonal length [40].

The study, published in the journal Nature Geosciences, suggests that the change of phase of the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) from positive to negative, or vice versa, could initiate chain reaction of climate impact that may affect the sea ice formation in the Antarctic region.

What the climate models were missing, she said, was the strong brine production from sea ice formation in the Bering Sea.

An unprecedented analysis of North Pacific ocean circulation over the past 1.2 million years has found that sea ice formation in coastal regions is a key driver of deep ocean circulation, influencing climate on regional and global scales.

Not exact matches

They play an important role in the formation of new sea ice and deep water.

What they found, Hansen says, is that melting ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica could inject enough fresh water into the seas to slow the formation of two key water masses: the North Atlantic Deepwater and the Antarctic Bottom Water formations.

A cloud front can be seen in the lower left, and dark areas indicate regions of open water between sea ice formations.

The formation of coastal sea ice, seen here in the Arctic Ocean, plays an important role in driving «overturning circulation» in the North Pacific Ocean.

The global climate models do a good job of simulating the process of sea ice formation over large areas in the open ocean.

«Formation of coastal sea ice in North Pacific drives ocean circulation, climate: New understanding of changes in North Pacific ocean circulation over the past 1.2 million years could lead to better global climate models.»

Coastal sea ice formation takes place on relatively small scales, however, and is not captured well in global climate models, according to scientists at the University of California, Santa Cruz, who conducted the study.

«A sort of grand problem in Earth science is to understand the water cycle — evaporation from the ocean, clouds, rain, the formation of ice, the runoff from the land back into the sea,» said Eric Lindstrom, Aquarius program scientist at NASA.

The hunt for extreme oil proceeds apace in the ultradeep waters off the coasts of Ghana and Nigeria, in the sulfur - laden depths of the Black Sea, under the polar ice caps, and in the gummy tar sands of Venezuela's Orinoco Basin and Canada's McMurray Formation.

In some places along the Antarctic coast, ice formation causes seawater to grow saltier and therefore denser, so that it sinks to the sea floor.

The ice formation and offshore winds produce strong currents in these shallow marginal seas, which stir up the sediment and carry the methane produced there into the water column.

Climate change models predict that the Arctic sea ice will continue to shrink in a warming world (as much as 40 % of the ice is expected to be gone by midcentury), and the resulting changes — including later formation of ice in the autumn, rain falling on the snow, and decreasing snow depths — will make it increasingly difficult for the seals to construct their snow caves, NOAA says.

They are called polynyas, formations that derive their name from the Russian word for «hole in the ice,» and are typically an expanse of open seawater along the coast that is enclosed by floating sea ice and the continental shelf.

Quick recovery is consistent with the Southern Ocean - centric picture of the global overturning circulation (Fig. 4; Talley, 2013), as the Southern Ocean meridional overturning circulation (SMOC), driven by AABW formation, responds to change in the vertical stability of the ocean column near Antarctica (Sect. 3.7) and the ocean mixed layer and sea ice have limited thermal inertia.

This mitigates the albedo feedback, as does the lowering in sea level that accompanies the formation of ice sheets.

All this cold water being released into the ocean has a significant impact on the formation of sea ice, resulting in higher rates of sea ice concentration around Antarctica.

The pattern of wind change is complex, but variations in winds can help to explain some of the regional patterns in sea - ice formation [8].

As sea levels rose during the last Ice Age, the cave flooded and its roof collapsed into this sinkhole resulting in a marine wonder known for its sparkling blue waters, wealth of coral formations, sharks and fish, and deep caves filled with stalactites.

As they advanced and ice built up, global sea level dropped and exposed the limestones on the caye to rainwater, which resulted in the formation of ther many caves and sinkholes (cenotes) on the caye and throughout Belize.

Nature is the oldest theme in art: whether it be cave paintings of buffalo herds, the Laocoön Group fighting the snake, the hortus conclusus in medieval representations of Virgin Mary or Giorgione's looming Tempest, Flemish Still Life paintings, Manet's idyllic Luncheon on the Grass, Caspar David Friedrich's Sea of Ice, Van Gogh's psychedelic Sunflowers, Max Ernst's surreal forests, the spiritual mountain sceneries of der Blaue Reiter, or Arte Povera's energy objects and Land Art's earth formations — the list is endless.

Arctic winter formation has been largely hit by advection from cyclones easily punching through what was once a mighty fortress of cold air living in a physical symbiosis with much thicker sea ice.

The paper, combining evidence of driftwood accumulation and beach formation in northern Greenland with evidence of past sea - ice extent in parts of Canada, concludes that Arctic sea ice appears to have retreated far more in some spans since the end of the last ice age than it has in recent years.

The retreat of the Arctic sea ice in recent decades is moving the egdge of the sea ice away from the areas of deep water formation and I would have thought that this would contribute to a weakening of amoc south of Greenland.

The blue curve shows an early decrease already in the 19th century, which Thornalley and colleagues attribute to an earlier warming at the end of the so - called «Little Ice Age», when the inflow of meltwater could have slowed the formation of deep water in the Labrador Sea.

Spall, M. A., R. S. Pickart, E. T. Brugler, G. W. K. Moore, L. Thomas, and K. R. Arrigo, 2014: Role of shelfbreak upwelling in the formation of a massive under - ice bloom in the Chukchi Sea.

The late formation of ice from the Beaufort, Chukchi, East Siberian, and Bering Seas should be visible in the NOAA animations.

The cooler Arctic then promoted formation of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW in the upper frame of Figure 13) as salty Atlantic waters transported poleward cooled and brine rejection increased as more Arctic sea ice formed.

In contrast, once the Antarctic refrigerator was established, cold salty brine was now extruded during sea ice formation.

-LRB-- NAO) This sea ice then melts in the Sub Polar Atlantic, releasing fresh water into the sub - polar Atlantic waters, which in turn impedes the formation of NADW, which slows down the thermohaline circulation causing warm air not to be brought up from the lower latitudes as far north as previous while in lessening amounts.

For some unexplained reason there have been a large number of coronal holes on the surface of the sun, in low latitude positions during solar magnetic cycle 24, however due to the reduction in the solar wind density the solar wind bursts have less effect on cloud modulation which explains why there has suddenly be an increase sea ice in the Antarctic, a recovery of sea ice in the Arctic, and an inhibiting of the formation of El Niño events.

The warm Arctic winter limited the formation of sea ice so much that this year's maximum extent, measured in March, was the smallest maximum ever recorded.

It was strongly negative in December and February; the February value was the third lowest NAO in160 years, and strong winds in the Bering Sea led to new ice formation.

Sea ice formation and dynamics are simulated in the ocean model.

The extent of Bering Sea ice cover this year has so far exceeded that of the previous two years, he added, because the extraordinary and record - setting low sea - ice formation of the past two winters mainly were due to a couple of short - term factors: a strong El Nino and an unusually persistent warm - water mass in the north Pacific commonly called «The Blob.&raqSea ice cover this year has so far exceeded that of the previous two years, he added, because the extraordinary and record - setting low sea - ice formation of the past two winters mainly were due to a couple of short - term factors: a strong El Nino and an unusually persistent warm - water mass in the north Pacific commonly called «The Blob.&raqsea - ice formation of the past two winters mainly were due to a couple of short - term factors: a strong El Nino and an unusually persistent warm - water mass in the north Pacific commonly called «The Blob.»

The group found that the icy winds blowing off Antarctica, as well as a powerful ocean current that circles the frozen continent, are much larger factors in the formation and persistence of Antarctic sea ice than changes in temperature.

Killer whales departed the Arctic Archipelago a few days before the formation of heavy (+50 %) ice cover in the area, which suggests that killer whales seasonally leave the eastern Canadian Arctic as sea ice advances (Matthews et al. 2011).

Serreze says it's likely warmer - than - average conditions in the Arctic will persist and continue to limit sea - ice formation.

Serreze says monitoring sea - ice formation, or lack thereof, has become an important indicator of the relatively rapid warming under way in the Arctic.

I mistakenly believed the increase in ice formation resulted from some combination of colder sea water and air.

Negative delta C - 13 (as) values in glacial AABW were likely caused by poor ventilation during formation, probably associated with extensive sea ice coverage.

«In addition, the opening of the Bering Strait between America and Russia and the closure of the Panama Canal in central America at the same time resulted in a huge supply of fresh water to the Arctic, which also led to the formation of more sea ice in the Arctic Ocean,» Jochen Knies addIn addition, the opening of the Bering Strait between America and Russia and the closure of the Panama Canal in central America at the same time resulted in a huge supply of fresh water to the Arctic, which also led to the formation of more sea ice in the Arctic Ocean,» Jochen Knies addin central America at the same time resulted in a huge supply of fresh water to the Arctic, which also led to the formation of more sea ice in the Arctic Ocean,» Jochen Knies addin a huge supply of fresh water to the Arctic, which also led to the formation of more sea ice in the Arctic Ocean,» Jochen Knies addin the Arctic Ocean,» Jochen Knies adds.

This leads to further warming, delaying the formation of sea ice in autumn.15 When this occurs, the warmer water transfers some heat to the atmosphere over adjacent shorelines — leading to further risk of permafrost degradation.15

To summarise the arguments presented so far concerning ice - loss in the arctic basin, at least four mechanisms must be recognised: (i) a momentum - induced slowing of winter ice formation, (ii) upward heat - flux from anomalously warm Atlantic water through the surface low ‐ salinity layer below the ice, (iii) wind patterns that cause the export of anomalous amounts of drift ice through the Fram Straits and disperse pack - ice in the western basin and (iv) the anomalous flux of warm Bering Sea water into the eastern Arctic of the mid 1990s.

Top panels: 50 % annual sea ice concentration (dashed blue line) and buoyancy fluxes, where negative values (blue shading) are associated with sea ice formation; note that these areas expand equatorward in the LGM simulation.

Because of their large size, tabular icebergs often travel great distances, and their movement can affect ocean circulation, the formation of bottom water (the dense layer of water at the very bottom of the ocean) and sea ice, and the productivity of life - forms in their path.

As concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases increase and the climate warms, it is expected that there will be increased precipitation in mid-latitudes and less formation of sea ice.