«We used actual satellite measurements of both albedo and
sea ice in the region to verify this and to quantify how much extra heat the region has absorbed due to the ice loss.
Something that goes along with this change in atmospheric circulation is reduced
sea ice in the region (while sea ice in Antarctica has been increasing on average, there have been significant declines off the West Antarctic coast for the last 25 years, and probably longer).
That's the equivalent of a missing area of sea ice almost four times the size of Colorado, and puts this year right in line with a trend of ever decreasing
sea ice in the region as the climate warms.
The complete absence of multiyear
sea ice in the region, confirmed by thickness surveys and local observations, is a first for the region in the past several decades.
Recent development of
sea ice in the region can only improve that rating.
Each stage features peak or trough inventories of
sea ice in a region.
Low heights in the Atlantic side suggest colder temperatures and less sea ice export, while north of Siberia winds are now offshore, which may reverse the persistence of
sea ice in that region.
What causes
the sea ice in this region to melt?
On November 30th, diplomats from the Department of State concluded 10 years of negotiations by finalizing a multilateral agreement to protect the central Arctic Ocean from overfishing, as
sea ice in the region dwindles.
«We used actual satellite measurements of both albedo and
sea ice in the region to verify this and to quantify how much extra heat the region has absorbed due to the ice loss.
Not exact matches
If one part of an
ice shelf starts to thin, it can trigger rapid
ice losses
in other
regions as much as 900 kilometres away — contributing to
sea level rise
The fall of the temperature of the
sea water is sometimes a sign of the proximity of
ice, although
in regions where there is an intermixture of cold and warm currents going on, as at the junction of the Labrador Current and the Gulf Stream, the temperature of the
sea has been known to rise as the
ice is approached.
The paper, to appear Sept. 14
in The Cryosphere, is the first to quantify the
sea ice changes
in each polar bear subpopulation across the entire Arctic
region using metrics that are specifically relevant to polar bear biology.
Satellite data show that, between 1979 and 2013, the summer
ice - free season expanded by an average of 5 to 10 weeks
in 12 Arctic
regions, with
sea ice forming later
in the fall and melting earlier
in the spring.
Now, a new modeling study finds a link between these winters and the decline of
sea ice in a part of the Arctic Ocean known as the Barents - Kara
sea region, bordering Norway and Russia.
Cooperation is important because research and security
in the Arctic
region require comprehensive and long - term weather,
ice,
sea, and atmospheric observations and modelling.
Their instruments are zeroed
in on the Amundsen
Sea Embayment, a vast
region rich
in volcanoes,
ice shelves and glaciers, some as big as Washington state.
After compiling 10 floe - scale maps of the
ice from the Weddell, Bellingshausen, and the Wilkes Land
regions of the continent, the researchers found that the
sea ice thickness tended to be highly variable, with many ridges and valleys, they report online today
in Nature Geoscience.
Likewise, the Antarctic silverfish — another
sea ice - dependent species and once an important source of food for the Adélies around Palmer Station — is becoming increasingly scarce
in the
region.
«Polar
regions have been changing very rapidly, providing data for our projections on
sea ice, snow cover,
ice sheets and
sea level rise,» says David Vaughan of the British Antarctic Survey
in Cambridge, UK, the lead author of the cryosphere chapter.
In previously
ice - rich areas such as the Beaufort Gyre off the Alaskan coast or the
region south of Spitsbergen, the
sea ice is considerably thinner now than it normally is during the spring.
«If there were a link, it would be more likely to occur
in fall [when the Arctic
sea ice is at a low and the
region is warm] than it would
in January [when the Arctic is
ice - covered and cold], so from that point of view, it's not a compelling candidate at this time of year,» Hoerling said.
Joughin's and Tulaczyk's paper, published
in Science
in 2002, documents an increase
in ice mass for one
region of the WAIS called the Ross
Sea Sector.
The research concludes that for other changes, such as regional warming and
sea ice changes, the observations over the satellite - era since 1979 are not yet long enough for the signal of human - induced climate change to be clearly separated from the strong natural variability
in the
region
«The study suggests that loss of
sea ice not only has an effect on the environment and wildlife of the Arctic
region but has far reaching consequences for people living
in Europe and beyond.»
The scientists were able to use a test scenario
in the Greenland
Sea to demonstrate that ALES + returns water levels for
ice - covered and open ocean
regions which are significantly more precise than the results of previous evaluation methods.
A cloud front can be seen
in the lower left, and dark areas indicate
regions of open water between
sea ice formations.
However,
in recent years, the
sea ice has retreated and with it the
region of maximum heat exchange.
A possible cause for the accelerated Arctic warming is the melting of the
region's
sea ice, which reduces the icy, bright area that can reflect sunlight back out into space, resulting
in more solar radiation being absorbed by the dark Arctic waters.
An unprecedented analysis of North Pacific ocean circulation over the past 1.2 million years has found that
sea ice formation
in coastal
regions is a key driver of deep ocean circulation, influencing climate on regional and global scales.
But changes
in sea level and ocean currents
in the
ice - covered
regions of the Arctic and Antarctic
in particular are very difficult to detect.
The publicly available report also divides the Arctic Ocean into 12
regions, and calculates the changes
in the dates of spring
sea ice retreat and fall freeze - up from NASA satellite images taken between 1979 and 2013.
«Eavesdropping on Bering Strait marine mammals: Researchers are eavesdropping on marine mammals within the Bering Strait via «passive acoustic monitoring» to observe changes
in the ecology of the Pacific Arctic by documenting the use of this
region by species previously excluded by
sea ice.»
This line marks a deep ocean channel that remained water - filled even during past
ice ages, when
sea levels saw channels between other islands
in the
region dry out.
What they found was that local destabilization of the Amundsen
Sea region of West Antarctica ultimately causes the entire ice sheet to fall into the ocean over several centuries to several thousands of years, gradually adding 3 meters to global sea levels, they report online today in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Scienc
Sea region of West Antarctica ultimately causes the entire
ice sheet to fall into the ocean over several centuries to several thousands of years, gradually adding 3 meters to global
sea levels, they report online today in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Scienc
sea levels, they report online today
in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
«The Arctic is clearly experiencing the impacts of a prolonged and intensified warming trend,» said the report's co-editor, Jackie Richter - Menge, a
sea ice expert at the Army Corps of Engineers» Cold
Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
in Hanover, N.H.
First of all, less
sea ice is forming
in the
region, and secondly, oceanographic recordings from the continental shelf break confirm that the warm water masses are already moving closer and closer to the
ice shelf
in pulses,» says Dr Hartmut Hellmer, an oceanographer at the AWI and first author of the study.
Since the 1970s the northern polar
region has warmed faster than global averages by a factor or two or more,
in a process of «Arctic amplification» which is linked to a drastic reduction
in sea ice.
The report also shows that warmer
seas have resulted
in a significant loss of
ice in the Arctic
region.
ESA's original mission to measure changes
in ice sheets and
sea ice in Earth's polar
regions failed on October 8, 2005, when a software problem caused the commercial launch rocket to fail.
The dramatic retreat of Arctic
sea ice in recent years is changing disease patterns, altering the local food web and lowering the
region's ability to reflect sunlight, according to two new studies.
The
region has set records for low
sea ice levels and high temperatures
in recent years.
The findings suggest that the Indo - Pacific area would see a 40 per cent increase
in fisheries catches at 1.5 C warming versus 3.5 C. Meanwhile the Arctic
region would have a greater influx of fish under the 3.5 C scenario but would also lose more
sea ice and face pressure to expand fisheries.
As the paper suggests, one could be the evaporation of surface waters that have become exposed because of
sea ice loss
in the
region, he added.
Interestingly, the Antarctic Peninsula supports extremely high krill biomass and predator densities
in a
region that experiences less
sea ice than colder, adjacent
regions of the Antarctic [6].
Climate change is pushing temperatures up most rapidly
in the polar
regions and left the extent of Arctic
sea ice at 1.79 million square miles at the end of the summer melt season.
Consistent with observed changes
in surface temperature, there has been an almost worldwide reduction
in glacier and small
ice cap (not including Antarctica and Greenland) mass and extent
in the 20th century; snow cover has decreased
in many
regions of the Northern Hemisphere;
sea ice extents have decreased
in the Arctic, particularly
in spring and summer (Chapter 4); the oceans are warming; and
sea level is rising (Chapter 5).
The extreme warmth
in the
region sent
sea ice dwindling to a new record low for January.
«Earth is losing a huge amount of
ice to the ocean annually, and these new results will help us answer important questions
in terms of both
sea rise and how the planet's cold
regions are responding to global change,» said University of Colorado Boulder physics professor John Wahr, who helped lead the study.
In his seminal 1982 book Climate, History, and the Modern World, the renown climatologist Dr. H.H. Lamb revealed that sea ice in the subarctic and Arctic regions was much less extensive during the Medieval Warm Period (9th - 13th centuries) compared to toda
In his seminal 1982 book Climate, History, and the Modern World, the renown climatologist Dr. H.H. Lamb revealed that
sea ice in the subarctic and Arctic regions was much less extensive during the Medieval Warm Period (9th - 13th centuries) compared to toda
in the subarctic and Arctic
regions was much less extensive during the Medieval Warm Period (9th - 13th centuries) compared to today.