Thus, despite the higher September 2013 sea ice extent relative to the previous five years, the Arctic is primed for continued summer
sea ice loss with large interannual variability.
Not exact matches
«Although a direct causal link has not been established between the atmospheric phenomena observed in late October 2012 and the record - breaking
sea -
ice loss observed during the preceding summer months, all of the observations are consistent
with such an interpretation,» states the Oceanography article.
Dirk Notz and Julienne Stroeve have now compared corresponding model calculations
with data from satellite measurements, and discovered that the climate models underestimate the
loss of Arctic
sea ice.
WITH all the attention given to the
loss of
sea ice in the Arctic, it's easy to forget that some
ice will persist for many years yet.
«Warming greater than 2 degrees Celsius above 19th - century levels is projected to be disruptive, reducing global agricultural productivity, causing widespread
loss of biodiversity and — if sustained over centuries — melting much of the Greenland
ice sheet
with ensuing rise in
sea levels of several meters,» the AGU declares in its first statement in four years on «Human Impacts on Climate.»
Those same lakes, along
with other evidence from around the world, also points to the shifting of rain belts after a rapid
loss of Arctic
sea ice about 14,600 years ago that saw the Northern Hemisphere heat up faster than the Southern.
The researchers warn, however, that the future evolution of the AMO remains uncertain,
with many factors potentially affecting how it interacts
with atmospheric circulation patterns, such as Arctic
sea ice loss, changes in solar radiation, volcanic eruptions and concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
Sea ice and snow cover
loss create a feedback look that can accelerate global warming;
with fewer reflective surfaces on the planet, more sunlight can thereby be absorbed, driving surface temperatures even higher, the scientists explained.
The recent string of record - low winter maximums could be a sign that the large summer
losses are starting to show up more in other seasons,
with an increasingly delayed fall freeze - up that leaves less time for
sea ice to accumulate in winter, Julienne Stroeve, an NSIDC scientist and University College London professor, previously said.
Lead author Dr Malcolm McMillan from the University of Leeds said: «We find that
ice losses continue to be most pronounced along the fast - flowing
ice streams of the Amundsen
Sea sector,
with thinning rates of between 4 and 8 metres per year near to the grounding lines of the Pine Island, Thwaites and Smith Glaciers.»
It's a pretty impressive signal, and is clearly associated
with loss of the
sea ice cover.
The global mean temperature rise of less than 1 degree C in the past century does not seem like much, but it is associated
with a winter temperature rise of 3 to 4 degrees C over most of the Arctic in the past 20 years, unprecedented
loss of
ice from all the tropical glaciers, a decrease of 15 to 20 % in late summer
sea ice extent, rising sealevel, and a host of other measured signs of anomalous and rapid climate change.
Many scientists concede that without drastic emissions reductions by 2020, we are on the path toward a 4C rise as early as mid-century,
with catastrophic consequences, including the
loss of the world's coral reefs; the disappearance of major mountain glaciers; the total
loss of the Arctic summer
sea -
ice, most of the Greenland
ice - sheet and the break - up of West Antarctica; acidification and overheating of the oceans; the collapse of the Amazon rainforest; and the
loss of Arctic permafrost; to name just a few.
Joughin et al. (2010) applied a numerical
ice sheet model to predicting the future of PIG, their model suggested ongoing
loss of
ice mass from PIG,
with a maximum rate of global
sea level rise of 2.7 cm per century.
But from an email conversation
with Francis, Vavrus, and several other atmospheric scientists this week, it became clear that there may be more questions than answers at this point, given the large amount of natural variability that affects winter weather patterns, and the very short observational record of how the atmosphere responded to extreme
losses of
sea ice (only five winters of records since 2007).
«It is still far from clear whether cold anomalies [in the mid-latitudes] are caused by Arctic warming (or
sea ice loss) rather than being simply correlated
with Arctic warming, but driven by something else.
There has been gradual melting and recession of Arctic
sea ice with extreme
loss in 2007 rendering the Northwest Passage «fully navigable».
Our modelled values are consistent
with current rates of Antarctic
ice loss and
sea - level rise, and imply that accelerated mass
loss from marine - based portions of Antarctic
ice sheets may ensue when an increase in global mean air temperature of only 1.4 - 2.0 deg.
The lag between decreases in
sea ice extent during late summer and changes in the mid-latitude atmospheric circulation during other seasons (when the recent
loss of
sea ice is much smaller) needs to be reconciled
with theory.
Much of the recent
sea ice loss is attributed to warmer
sea surface temperatures
with southerly wind anomalies a contributing cause [Francis and Hunter, 2007; Sorteberg and Kvingedal, 2006],
with thermodynamic coupling leading to associated increases in atmospheric moisture.»
From recent instrumental observations alone we are therefore unable to predict whether mass
loss from these
ice sheets will vary linearly
with changes in the rate of
sea - level rise, or if a non-linear response is more likely.
However, if the
loss of Arctic
Sea ice has significantly changed global atmospheric circulation patterns, then we are dealing
with a different system that has only been in existence since 2007, and we do not know how often to expect crop failures.
Global climate model projections (in CMIP3 at least) appear to underestimate
sea ice extent
losses with respect to observations, though this is not universally true for all models and some of them actually have ensemble spreads that are compatible
with PIOMAS
ice volume estimates and satellite observations of
sea ice extent.
Thus, articles that link the
loss of Arctic
sea ice to global warming are acceptable, and any news article on Arctic
sea ice will generally touch on the role of global warming — usually
with a mention for polar bears, which are indeed cute (not too cuddly, tho).
Polar bears haven't seen what the
ice models are predicting if we don't deal
with the warming patterns and
sea ice loss.
With the summertime
ice loss outpacing wintertime recovery, Arctic
sea ice has thinned, making it increasingly vulnerable to further melting.
The coincidence of this area
loss and a 30 square kilometer
loss in 2008
with abnormal warmth this year, the setting of increasing
sea surface temperatures and
sea ice decline are all part of a climate warming pattern.
The authors of the study — Ricarda Winkelmann and Anders Levermann from the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Ken Caldeira of the Carnegie Institution for Science and Andy Ridgwell of the University of Bristol — find that the
loss of the entire Antarctic
ice sheet would take millenniums, but up to 100 feet of
sea level rise could result within 1,000 years,
with the rate of the rise beginning to increase a century or two from now.
8) Accelerated mass
loss in Greenland and / or Antarctica, perhaps
with another huge
ice shelf breaking off, but in any case coupled
with another measurable rise in the rate of
sea level rise, 9) The Fifth Assessment Report (2012 - 2013) really spelling out what we face
with no punches pulled.
And the
loss of the
sea ice will mean the
loss of an entire ecosystem,
with repercussions that could include a major food chain, because of organisms that live on the underside of the
sea ice.
Last summer's record
loss of
ice was due to a combination of natural cycle and global warming factors: «more greenhouse gases, an unusual wind pattern, and warming of the ocean water in regions
with reduced
sea ice.»
IIRC, the limit on mass
loss was attributed to the narrowness of passes in the mountains, but if the
ice loss is behind the mountains as the ocean reaches beyond them, and mixes salt into the system
with tides, then only the flushing of salt and icebergs via meltwater would limit the rate of melt in the (brand new) Greenland
Sea.
He argued that the exceptionally cold snowy 2009 - 2010 winter in Europe had a connection
with the
loss of
sea -
ice in the Arctic.
Following this summer's new record
ice loss, the Arctic will enter a winter
with even less
ice than ever before, leading to even thinner
ice, which barring any monumental external events like a major volcanic eruption, will likely perpetuate the trend in
sea ice decline.
Recent papers
with a direct bearing on this issue: «Accelerated Arctic land warming and permafrost degradation during rapid
sea ice loss» David Lawrence, Andrew Slater, Robert Tomas, Marika Holland, and Clara Deser Geophysical Research Letters, June 13, 2008 (UCAR press release)
So, the positive feedback between melt and velocities implies that more melt leads to higher velocities, which bring in more
ice from cold regions to warm regions which increases the melt and hence the velocity etc,
with as a final result a rapid
loss of
ice and hence an enhanced increased
sea level.
Here's how the summary put it: «The June 2010 Outlook indicates a continuation of the overall trend in long - term
loss of summer Arctic
sea ice,
with no indication that a return to historical levels of the 1980s / 1990s will occur.»
Indeed, the record - breaking
losses in the past couple of years could easily be due to natural fluctuations in the weather,
with summer
sea ice increasing again over the next few years.
The fate of
sea ice in the Arctic Ocean is determined by a complicated mix of factors, including the pressure changes,
with the biggest
loss of old thick
ice resulting more from a great «flush» of floes than melting, Dr. Rigor and many other scientists tracking the region say.
In addition to the
loss of old thick
sea ice, the increased mobility of sea ice in the Beaufort Sea is consistent with the high sea ice mobility seen in the Atlantic sector by the drift of the «TARA» during the DAMOCLES experiment (Gascard, EOS, V
sea ice, the increased mobility of
sea ice in the Beaufort Sea is consistent with the high sea ice mobility seen in the Atlantic sector by the drift of the «TARA» during the DAMOCLES experiment (Gascard, EOS, V
sea ice in the Beaufort
Sea is consistent with the high sea ice mobility seen in the Atlantic sector by the drift of the «TARA» during the DAMOCLES experiment (Gascard, EOS, V
Sea is consistent
with the high
sea ice mobility seen in the Atlantic sector by the drift of the «TARA» during the DAMOCLES experiment (Gascard, EOS, V
sea ice mobility seen in the Atlantic sector by the drift of the «TARA» during the DAMOCLES experiment (Gascard, EOS, Vol.
The problem I have
with the original post (yes intermediate) is what study was used to make the leap that despite
sea ice gains the thermal energy of the warming oceans make its way through the
ice (which is an insulator) and causing land
ice loss.
The findings reinforce suggestions that strong positive
ice — temperature feedbacks have emerged in the Arctic15, increasing the chances of further rapid warming and
sea ice loss, and will probably affect polar ecosystems,
ice - sheet mass balance and human activities in the Arctic...» *** This is the heart of polar amplification and has very little to do
with your stated defintion of amplifying the effects of warming going on at lower latitudes.
Individual responses continue to be based on a range of methods: statistical, numerical models, comparison
with previous rates of
sea ice loss, composites of several approaches, estimates based on various non
sea ice datasets and trends, and subjective information (the heuristic category).
However, despite near normal rates of
ice loss during the month, June 2015 was a relatively warm month (Figure 7)
with 925 hPa air temperatures up to 2.5 C higher than average near the North Pole and East Siberian
Sea,
with even warmer air temperatures in the Kara
Sea (up to 4.5 C).
Furthermore, dissimilarity and a continued
loss in coherence in
sea ice drift patterns in March 2012 relative to March 2007 and 2011 suggests that spatiotemporal variability in fall
ice extent will be governed by local
ice conditions and
ice -
ice interactions as monitored by small - scale properties associated
with sea ice deformation.
Individual responses continue to be based on a range of methods: statistical, numerical models, comparison
with previous rates of
sea ice loss, estimates based on various non-
sea ice datasets and trends, and subjective information (the «heuristic» category).
At least relative to my questions above, what struck me was the possibility of starting
with your reduction and analysis of the snow cover / fall anomaly data to come up
with a research project based on some quite complicated but fascinating calculations on net TOA energy balance as a result of your conclusion about the relation of Arctic
sea ice loss to NH snow cover / amount anomaly.
Specifically «While natural chaotic variability remains a component of mid-latitude atmospheric variability, recent
loss of Arctic
sea ice,
with its signature on mid-latitude atmospheric circulation, may load the dice in favor of snowier conditions in large parts of northern mid-latitudes.»
However, record
loss in 2012 compared to 2007 depended more on preconditioning
with thinner and more mobile
sea ice field (Parkinson and Comiso 2013, Zhang et al. 2013).
Provided that ocean and atmospheric conditions favor rapid melting in June and July, which we feel are still likely, it is therefore hypothesized that the 2013 fall
sea ice extent will achieve values comparable to those of 2012,
with regional
losses governed by local wind and
ice conditions and dynamics.