Sentences with phrase «sea ice production»

The Arctic ice area really should be examined in terms of smaller regional areas so that a more refined assessment can be done as to the cause of low sea ice production.

More polynyas leads to increased sea ice production.

For her PhD, Kaitlin Beneath took the plunge into a massive — and successful — model debugging project that identified and fixed a vexing numerical instability involving sea ice production.

Not exact matches

Nearly 50 years later, problems like rising global temperatures, melting Arctic sea ice, and the demographics putting pressure on food production and resources like forests, can make you want to scream or bury your head in the sand.

But the same process of sea ice formation and brine production along coastal shelves plays a critical role wherever it occurs.

What the climate models were missing, she said, was the strong brine production from sea ice formation in the Bering Ssea ice formation in the Bering SeaSea.

In the case of Arctic whales, the changes in sea ice might benefit their populations, at least in the short term: the loss and earlier retreat of sea ice opens up new habitats and, in some areas of the Arctic, has also led to an increase in food production and the length of their feeding season.

Research led by Eric Post, a professor of biology at Penn State University, has linked an increasingly earlier plant growing season to the melting of arctic sea ice, a relationship that has consequences for offspring production by caribou in the area.

«For convenience, it is often assumed there's no production in sea ice,» Schmidt says.

Eric Post, a Penn State University professor of biology, and Jeffrey Kerby, a Penn State graduate student, have linked the melting of Arctic sea ice with changes in the timing of plant growth on land, which in turn is associated with lower production of calves by caribou in the area.

The continued reduction in the extent of sea ice in the Arctic is expected to lead to increased photosynthetic primary production and POC flux there (Jones et al., 2014), which could benefit fauna whose energetic demands increase as a result of ocean acidification (e.g., calcifying taxa).

Changes in the winds around Antarctica therefore change ice - concentration trends around Antarctica [8] by influencing sea - ice production and melt rates [9].

If this forecast is correct, it will take a long time or big technological innovations on the production side to induce large - scale fossil - fuel production from high - cost areas such as the Arctic Ocean, regardless of sea - ice conditions.

Examples include the disintegration of the West Antarctic ice sheet leading to more rapid sea - level rise, or large - scale Amazon dieback drastically affecting ecosystems, rivers, agriculture, energy production, and livelihoods.

In order to response needs of increase polar activities, we propose to focus on detection of sea ice extremes and automatic production of «sea ice warnings» products.

Whether it is the unanimous opinion by scientists regarding the 18 - year «global warming» pause; or the last 9 years for the complete lack of major hurricanes; or the inexplicable and surprisingly thick Antarctic sea ice; or the boring global sea level rise that is a tiny fraction of coastal - swamping magnitude; or food crops exploding with record production; or multiple other climate signals - it is now blatantly obvious the current edition of the AGW hypothesis is highly suspect.

In 1992, Manabe, Spellman and Stouffer predicted «the enhanced production of [Antarctic] sea ice.»

The OSI SAF sea ice products are back to nominal production today, after the missing SSMIS data from NOAA yesterday.

NASA's Ice Bridge Project is now in full production there, showing how this strategic locked - up water is liable to be released quicker than we thought, causing higher sea levels worldwide.

These include the consequences for vulnerable systems, such as agricultural production in tropical regions, impacts on human health and natural systems such as coral reefs, and on ice sheets and sea level rise.

These authors postulated an extended Barents Sea Ice Sheet, the western part of the huge Eurasian Ice Sheet51, 55, that had reached the shelf edge causing polynya - like open - water conditions (triggered by strong katabatic winds) with phytoplankton and sea ice algae production, subglacial meltwater outflow and the deposition of suspended material on the slope at site PS2138 -Sea Ice Sheet, the western part of the huge Eurasian Ice Sheet51, 55, that had reached the shelf edge causing polynya - like open - water conditions (triggered by strong katabatic winds) with phytoplankton and sea ice algae production, subglacial meltwater outflow and the deposition of suspended material on the slope at site PS2138 -Ice Sheet, the western part of the huge Eurasian Ice Sheet51, 55, that had reached the shelf edge causing polynya - like open - water conditions (triggered by strong katabatic winds) with phytoplankton and sea ice algae production, subglacial meltwater outflow and the deposition of suspended material on the slope at site PS2138 -Ice Sheet51, 55, that had reached the shelf edge causing polynya - like open - water conditions (triggered by strong katabatic winds) with phytoplankton and sea ice algae production, subglacial meltwater outflow and the deposition of suspended material on the slope at site PS2138 -sea ice algae production, subglacial meltwater outflow and the deposition of suspended material on the slope at site PS2138 -ice algae production, subglacial meltwater outflow and the deposition of suspended material on the slope at site PS2138 - 2.

This hypothesis would be in line with the biomarker data from the central Arctic Ocean sites PS2200 - 5 and PS51 / 038 -3 pointing to a more closed and thick ice cover that has prevented both phytoplankton as well as sea ice algae production (Figs. 2a, b, 3b).

Furthermore, the sea - ice cover strongly affects biological productivity, as a more closed sea - ice cover reduces primary production due to low light influx in the surface waters.

«The CCR - II report correctly explains that most of the reports on global warming and its impacts on sea - level rise, ice melts, glacial retreats, impact on crop production, extreme weather events, rainfall changes, etc. have not properly considered factors such as physical impacts of human activities, natural variability in climate, lopsided models used in the prediction of production estimates, etc..

Polynya - like conditions caused by strong katabatic winds allowed sea ice algae and phytoplankton production during the late (st) MIS 6 (Fig. 6, Scenario 2).

These data strongly point to predominantly perennial sea ice cover during the glacial and LIG (Fig. 3b), preventing algal production during the spring and summer.

By considering also a phytoplankton biomarker indicative for open - water primary production, these extremes can be easily separated as under a permanent sea ice cover the phytoplankton biomarker is absent but reaches maximum concentrations under open - water conditions (Fig. 3, Supplementary Fig. 1) 31, 38.

How can human CO2 production continually increase and cause only some decades of Arctic sea ice to decline, while enabling other decades to increase?

Such an extended sea ice cover and reduced primary production are reflected in the near absence to absence of both IP25 (Fig. 7b) and phytoplankton biomarkers (i.e., brassicasterol and HBI - III)(Fig. 7c) as well as maximum PIP25 values (Fig. 7a).

When we assemble the broadest range of evidence within our current abilities, we see that any accelerating sea - ice melting trend in the Arctic really is a continuation (or even a deceleration) of the same trend that started at least 150 years ago, BEFORE increased human CO2 production.

... The evidence comes from a close correlation between inferred changes in production rates of the cosmogenic nuclides carbon - 14 and beryllium - 10 and centennial to millennial time scale changes in proxies of drift ice measured in deep - sea sediment cores.

With less sea ice many marine ecosystems will experience more light, which can accelerate the growth of phytoplankton, and shift the balance between the primary production by ice algae and water - borne phytoplankton, with implications for Arctic food webs.

He hopes keeping people informed about the diminishing sea - ice extent will help them understand humanity's role in what's causing it — the continued production of greenhouse gases.

In this project, we will assess the role of sea ice dynamics on the upper part of the Arctic Ocean energy budget and on primary production using for the first time a Lagrangian sea ice model, neXtSIM, coupled to an ocean - marine ecosystem model.

On simulating leads in the Arctic sea ice using the new Lagrangian model neXtSIM, and on studying their impact on the ocean mixing, heat budget and primary production.

But deep water production by convection may be less, depending on how much NADW is Arctic in origin and how much is simply recirculated Antarctic bottom water (extremely dense water, formed as brine under the sea ice around polynas offshore of Antarctica and sliding down the continental shelf into the depths without much mixing, creates a giant pool of dense water extending all the way up the bottom of the Atlantic to about 60 ° N).

- To investigate to what extent simulations of primary production in the Arctic Ocean are affected by a more realistic simulation of leads in sea ice.

The energy system is both a source of emissions that lead to global warming and it can also be directly affected by climate change: through changes in our energy consumption patterns, potential shutdowns of offshore oil and gas production, changing ice and snow conditions in the oil production regions of Alaska, changing sea ice conditions in the Arctic Ocean and the implications for shipping routes, and impacts of sea - level rise on coasts, where so much of our energy facility infrastructure is located.

PI, Sea Ice Concentration Climate Data Record Sustainment, Enhancement, and Production of Value - Added Products through the Sea Ice Index (NOAA)

«Harsh climate conditions made farming and cattle production increasingly difficult and the extensive sea - ice prevented navigation and trading with Europe.»

A synthetic aperture radar or equivalent capability is also needed in the production of the sea - ice climate data record for validation of sea ice concentration and edge.

Interestingly, in the Seasonally Ice - free Zone (SIZ, the band located between the winter and summer sea ice edge), this production is highly stimulated by increased iron availability due to the seasonal sea ice retreIce - free Zone (SIZ, the band located between the winter and summer sea ice edge), this production is highly stimulated by increased iron availability due to the seasonal sea ice retreice edge), this production is highly stimulated by increased iron availability due to the seasonal sea ice retreice retreat.

Satellite remote sensing has indicated that one possible mechanism leading to these events is sea - salt aerosol production from snow lying on sea ice during blowing snow events and subsequent bromine release («bromine explosions»).

As timing of the spring phytoplankton bloom is linked to the sea - ice edge, loss of sea ice (Walsh and Timlin, 2003) and large reductions of the total primary production in the marginal sea - ice biome in the Northern Hemisphere (Behrenfeld and Falkowski, 1997; Marra et al., 2003) would have strong effects, for example, on the productivity of the Bering Sea (Stabeno et al., 200sea - ice edge, loss of sea ice (Walsh and Timlin, 2003) and large reductions of the total primary production in the marginal sea - ice biome in the Northern Hemisphere (Behrenfeld and Falkowski, 1997; Marra et al., 2003) would have strong effects, for example, on the productivity of the Bering Sea (Stabeno et al., 200sea ice (Walsh and Timlin, 2003) and large reductions of the total primary production in the marginal sea - ice biome in the Northern Hemisphere (Behrenfeld and Falkowski, 1997; Marra et al., 2003) would have strong effects, for example, on the productivity of the Bering Sea (Stabeno et al., 200sea - ice biome in the Northern Hemisphere (Behrenfeld and Falkowski, 1997; Marra et al., 2003) would have strong effects, for example, on the productivity of the Bering Sea (Stabeno et al., 200Sea (Stabeno et al., 2001).

The sea - ice biome accounts for a large proportion of primary production in polar waters and supports a substantial food web.