The station component is a blend of many national and international collections, with the largest contributor being surface and
sea level pressure observations from the International Surface Database (ISD, Lott et al., 2008).
Observed Sea Level Pressure The atmospheric
sea level pressure observation (hectopascals) 4.
Not exact matches
Here we use the SAM definition of Marshall (2003; 19) based on the difference in mean
sea level pressure between 40ºS and 65ºS, which is entirely based on
observations and fully independent of our inversion.
The models are gauged against the following
observation - based datasets: Climate Prediction Center Merged Analysis of Precipitation (CMAP; Xie and Arkin, 1997) for precipitation (1980 — 1999), European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts 40 - year reanalysis (ERA40; Uppala et al., 2005) for
sea level pressure (1980 — 1999) and Climatic Research Unit (CRU; Jones et al., 1999) for surface temperature (1961 — 1990).
Arbetter, 4.7, Statistical A statistical model using regional
observations of
sea ice area and global NCEP air temperature,
sea level pressure, and freezing degree day estimates continues the trend of projecting below - average summer
sea ice conditions for the Arctic.
The
observations assimilated in ERA - 20C include surface
pressures and mean
sea level pressures from ISPDv3.2.6 and ICOADSv2.5.1, and surface marine winds from ICOADSv2.5.1.
The H5ftotxt is outputting the Observed
Pressure, you are correct that the NCEP Type will tell you if this is
Sea Level Pressure (ship
observations) or Surface
Pressure (station
observations).
As there are numerous techniques for determining
sea level pressures from atmospheric
observations, all having limitations, we also compared the SLP fields generated in the above way for general consistency with those generated using an independent method.
The
observations can be very comprehensive (satellite, in situ, multiple variables) or relatively sparse (say,
sea level pressure only), and the models themselves are quite varied.