In the new study, the researchers searched for such events recorded
in sea surface temperature data recorded as far back as 1900 and in satellite data since 1982.
The model, produced by a group led by Jim Randerson of the University of California, Irvine, considers historical fire data from NASA's Terra satellite, along with
sea surface temperature data from NOAA.
Moreover, taking the proxy
sea surface temperature data for the peak Eocene period (55 — 48 Myr BP) at face value yields a global temperature of 33 — 34 °C (fig. 3 of Bijl et al. [84]-RRB-, which would require an even larger CO2 amount with the same climate models.
They combined previously - collected penguin population data from 1982 to 2014
with sea surface temperature data from satellites, ships and buoys for the same time period.
It is due to the fact that NASA has not yet implemented an improvement
of sea surface temperature data which was introduced last year in the HadCRUT data (that was the transition from the HadSST2 the HadSST3 data — the details can be found e.g. here and here).
This is likely caused, in part, by GISS
masking sea surface temperature data in the polar oceans and replacing it with land surface air temperature data, which is naturally more volatile.
Some of those data points can be seen in this incredible video prepared at Goddard that layers
sea surface temperature data on top of ocean current data to create a powerful representation.
Sea surface temperature data since 1882 document large El Niño - like patterns following four out of five big eruptions: Santa María (Guatemala) in October 1902, Mount Agung (Indonesia) in March 1963, El Chichón (Mexico) in April 1982 and Pinatubo in June 1991.
The 2005 Jan - Sep land data (which is adjusted for urban biases) is higher than the previously warmest year (0.76 °C compared to the 1998 anomaly of 0.75 °C for the same months, and a 0.71 °C anomaly for the whole year), while the land - ocean temperature index (which
includes sea surface temperature data) is trailing slightly behind (0.58 °C compared to 0.60 °C Jan - Sep, 0.56 °C for the whole of 1998).
And for the period of 1997 to 2012, there are no similarities between the warming and cooling patterns for lower troposphere temperatures over the oceans and the satellite -
enhanced sea surface temperature data.
Unlike the UK Met Office and NCDC products, GISS masks
sea surface temperature data at the poles where seasonal sea ice exists, and they extend land surface temperature data out over the oceans in those locations.
Keep in mind, when reading Smith et al (2008), that the NCDC removed the satellite -
based sea surface temperature data because it changed the annual global temperature rankings.
Pictured above is the East Coast of the United States, in grey, with the Gulf Stream, in yellow and orange, revealed
through Sea Surface Temperature data (SST), made from the MODIS instrument on the Terra satellite.
For the «2013 as observed» experiment, the atmospheric model uses
observed sea surface temperature data from December 2012 to November 2013 from the Operational Sea Surface Temperature and Sea Ice Analysis (OSTIA) dataset (Stark et al. 2007; Donlon et al. 2012) and present day atmospheric gas concentrations to simulate weather events that are possible given the observed climate conditions.
(In effect, just as you will see people plot the
raw sea surface temperature data and incorrectly attribute all the change in the region to «AMO», you've tracked the raw surface temperature change, and others are incorrectly attributing the entire effect to «global warming».)
The NCEP / NCAR Reanalysis is the database the researchers drew upon for information about the effects of troposphere humidity, wind shear and zonal stretching deformation on hurricane intensity;
sea surface temperature data came from a different database.
And of course the new paper by Hausfather et al, that made quite a bit of news recently, documents how meticulously scientists work to eliminate bias
in sea surface temperature data, in this case arising from a changing proportion of ship versus buoy observations.
In a study published in the journal Nature the researchers say analysis
of sea surface temperature data shows that the AMOC has slowed down by roughly 15 % since the middle of the 20th century, with human - made climate change a prime suspect.
Because the three datasets share common source data, (GISS and NCDC also use the
same sea surface temperature data) it should come as no surprise that they are so similar.
Furthermore, they fail to reconcile their hypothesis with the established large - scale warming evident from
global sea surface temperature data that, again, can not be influenced by the local, non-climatic factors they argue contaminate evidence for surface warming.