Sentences with phrase «sea surface warming occurs»

Unfortunately, there is limited evidence as to whether and to what extent differential air - sea surface warming occurs in the real climate system.

Not exact matches

Studies of historical records in India suggest that reduced monsoon rainfall in central India has occurred when the sea surface temperatures in specific regions of the Pacific Ocean were warmer than normal.

It's unclear whether this year's strong El Niño event, which is a naturally occurring phenomenon that typically occurs every two to seven years where the surface water of the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean warms, has had any impact on the Arctic sea ice minimum extent.

Warming has occurred in both land and ocean domains, and in both sea surface temperature (SST) and nighttime marine air temperature over the oceans.

Naturally occurring interannual and multidecadal shifts in regional ocean regimes such as the Pacific El Niño - Southern Oscillation, the North Atlantic Oscillation, and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, for example, are bimodal oscillations that cycle between phases of warmer and cooler sea surface temperatures.

A study published in the journal Geophysical Research Letters in December found: «The warmer (cooler) the Gulf of Mexico sea surface temperatures, the more (less) hail and tornadoes occur during March — May over the southern U.S.»

This chemical weathering process is too slow to damp out shorter - term fluctuations, and there are some complexities — glaciation can enhance the mechanical erosion that provides surface area for chemical weathering (some of which may be realized after a time delay — ie when the subsequent warming occurs — dramatically snow in a Snowball Earth scenario, where the frigid conditions essentially shut down all chemical weathering, allowing CO2 to build up to the point where it thaws the equatorial region, at which point runaway albedo feedback drives the Earth into a carbonic acid sauna, which ends via rapid carbonate rock formation), while lower sea level may increase the oxidation of organic C in sediments but also provide more land surface for erosion... etc..

Sea surface temperatures in the Western Pacific are well above climatology, and it has been argued that the warmth in the Western Pacific along with the lack of an equivalent long - term warming trend in the Eastern Pacific, increase the chances of a «super El Niño,» comparable to the two strongest El Niños of the past century, which occurred in 1998 and 1983.

The NINO3.4 index is defined as the average of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies over the region 5 ° N - 5 ° S and 170 ° -120 ° W. El Niño (a warm event) is considered to occur when the NINO3.4 index persistently exceeds +0.8 °C.

The periods of intense hurricanes uncovered by the new research were driven in part by intervals of warm sea surface temperatures that previous research has shown occurred during these time periods, according to the new study.

For example, warm sea surface temperatures make it more likely for an El Niño to occur, but can not be used to predict El Niños with absolute certainty, Levine said.

Indeed that most recent warming occurred as ENSO dragon kings in 1976/77 and 1998/2001 and that the satellite evidence suggests that cloud radiative forcing dominated in the interim in a secular pattern negatively correlated with sea surface temperature.

Maximum warming occurs over the surface during winter while less surface warming is found in summer when heat is being used to melt sea ice.

This change in sea level occurred in the context of different orbital forcing and with high latitude surface temperature, averaged over several thousand years, at least 2 °C warmer than present.

''... worked with two sediment cores they extracted from the seabed of the eastern Norwegian Sea, developing a 1000 - year proxy temperature record «based on measurements of δ18O in Neogloboquadrina pachyderma, a planktonic foraminifer that calcifies at relatively shallow depths within the Atlantic waters of the eastern Norwegian Sea during late summer,» which they compared with the temporal histories of various proxies of concomitant solar activity... This work revealed, as the seven scientists describe it, that «the lowest isotope values (highest temperatures) of the last millennium are seen ~ 1100 - 1300 A.D., during the Medieval Climate Anomaly, and again after ~ 1950 A.D.» In between these two warm intervals, of course, were the colder temperatures of the Little Ice Age, when oscillatory thermal minima occurred at the times of the Dalton, Maunder, Sporer and Wolf solar minima, such that the δ18O proxy record of near - surface water temperature was found to be «robustly and near - synchronously correlated with various proxies of solar variability spanning the last millennium,» with decade - to century - scale temperature variability of 1 to 2 °C magnitude.»

As recently as a few thousand years ago, sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the South China Sea were at least 2 °C warmer than they are today, and mass coral death events routinely occurred due to severe bleachisea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the South China Sea were at least 2 °C warmer than they are today, and mass coral death events routinely occurred due to severe bleachiSea were at least 2 °C warmer than they are today, and mass coral death events routinely occurred due to severe bleaching.

Model studies and theory project a 3 - 5 % increase in wind - speed per degree Celsius increase of tropical sea surface temperatures»; and «If the projected rise in sea level due to global warming occurs, then the vulnerability to tropical cyclone storm surge flooding would increase.»

It's unclear whether this year's strong El Niño event, which is a naturally occurring phenomenon that typically occurs every two to seven years where the surface water of the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean warms, has had any impact on the Arctic sea ice minimum extent.