Quan, M. P. Hoerling, A. Hoell, P. Peterson and W. M. Thiaw (May 2017): Climatology and Interannual Variability of Boreal Spring Wet
Season Precipitation in the Eastern Horn of Africa and Implications for its Recent Decline.
Not exact matches
This could result
in higher rates for crop insurance, which could be detrimental to Oklahoma farmers as this farming
season has already seen high levels of
precipitation following a five - year drought.
While part of the region received
precipitation later
in the
season, «the overall picture is dry, no doubt about it,» he said.
The rings formed
in tree trunks during trees» growth periods are valuable repositories of environmental information: the ring width reflects the tree's growth conditions, which are a combination of the temperature,
precipitation and nutrient conditions during a given growing
season.
Warm springtime temperatures, prolonged drought
in the West, gusty winds and shifts
in precipitation from snowpack to rainfall marked the 2015
season, according to the National Interagency Fire Center.
In some tropical and subtropical regions it is more common to speak of the rainy (or wet, or monsoon)
season versus the dry
season, as the amount of
precipitation may vary more dramatically than the average temperature.
Only where the soils show high basic content, partly as a result of a
precipitation - evaporation ratio approaching unity, does the herbage synthesize protein adequately and cure on the stalk to provide nutritious feed
in the dry
season.
In some parts of the country, the torrents of rain that characterize monsoon
season account for more than 90 percent of the total annual
precipitation.
Previously called a «water tower» because it supplied water to the Rift Valley and Lake Victoria, the forest region has dried up;
in 2009 the rainy
season — from August to November — saw no rain, and since then
precipitation has been modest.
To check their model forecast, as the dry
season has gotten underway, the researchers have compared their initial forecast with observations coming
in from NASA's
precipitation satellite missions» multisatellite datasets, as well as groundwater data from the joint NASA / German Aerospace Center Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission.
In each layer, the ice captured chemicals from the air and
precipitation during wet and dry
seasons.
For their study, Beck and Sieber selected 19 climate and soil variables that could influence how humans use the land, including soil type and
precipitation in the coldest and warmest
seasons.
«This increase
in water vapor has contributed to increasing total
precipitation in the fall
season, but does not necessarily mean an increase
in extreme
precipitation events,» she added.
Computer models showed a reduction
in what Edwards called «extreme
precipitation events»
in the fall
season in western South Dakota when compared to climate conditions
in the 1800s.
Similarly, expected future increases
in precipitation and length of growing
season would tend to increase methane production.
In virtually all states with stations below 2,000 feet, the data show a trend toward a higher percentage of rain during the winter
precipitation season.
Above - average
precipitation fell across eastern parts of the state, but below - average
precipitation across western and central parts of the state resulted
in drought expanding during the
season.
These climate changes have measurable effects, like reductions
in ground and surface water resources due to changing timing of
precipitation and snowmelt, and measurable impacts like declining forest health and more wildfires, to altered crop
seasons and greater irrigation demand.
As noted
in the Key Climate Projections for Montana section (above),
precipitation is projected to increase
in some regions, and
in some
seasons, but not
in others.
Above - and below - normal temperature and
precipitation years associated with natural climate oscillations may determine whether growing
seasons lengthen, contract, or shift
in time.
Holden, Z. A., Morgan, P., Crimmins, M. A., Steinhorst, R. K. & Smith, A. M. S. Fire
season precipitation variability influences fire extent and severity
in a large southwestern wilderness area, United States.
However, with winters overall heating up because of global warming, the
precipitation that falls during the
season is increasingly falling as rain rather than snow
in the U.S..
Precipitation is relatively abundant
in Scandinavia, Finland, northwest Russia and eastern Canada, where a longer growth
season (i.e. the period when sap flow is not impeded by frozen water) accelerate tree growth.
The words included
in the vocabulary booklets are: autumn, characteristic, pattern,
precipitation,
season, spring, summer, temperature, weather, and winter.
Changes
in production are directly linked to variations
in temperature and
precipitation during the growing
season and often to the offseason changes
in weather because of soil water storage to replenish the soil profile.
The wettest month
in the dry
season is January, when an average of 49 mm of rain falls over the course of five wet days, followed by December which sees 36 mm of
precipitation falling over five wet days.
The cooler temperatures and fall
in precipitation levels marks the start of peak
season in Belize City.
During the wet
season abundant rainfall occurs with the average annual
precipitation in Libreville, 2,500 mm (98 inches) while between June to September there is virtually no rain.
A model by the Purdue Climate Change Research Center
in West Lafayette forecasts, by 2050, the full growing
seasons will expand by one month; there will be 33 to 45 more days with temperatures above 90 degrees; an increase
in precipitation between 14 percent and 22 percent; and 24 days to 36 days less snow cover.
The contrast
in precipitation between wet and dry regions and between wet and dry
seasons will increase, although there may be regional exceptions.
Predictions of the annual cycle of
precipitation suggest an increase
in precipitation later
in the crop year (April - June) of ~ 10 % but a substantial decrease (up to 75 % at the tail)
in precipitation later
in the dry
season (July - September).
Seasonal changes
in precipitation need special attention
in the mid latitudes because of the importance to the growing
season and the portion of
precipitation which runs off.
(Such as changes
in precipitation, and changes
in growing
season length.)
This paper briefly reviews the current state of science regarding historical trends
in hydrologic variables, including
precipitation, runoff, tropospheric water vapor, soil moisture, glacier mass balance, evaporation, evapotranspiration, and growing
season length.
Increases
in precipitation at high latitudes
in both
seasons are very consistent across models.
They include soaring temperatures, declining late -
season snowpack, northward - shifted winter storm tracks, increasing
precipitation intensity, the worst drought since measurements began, steep declines
in Colorado River reservoir storage, widespread vegetation mortality, and sharp increases
in the frequency of large wildfires.
Large - scale flooding can also occur due to extreme
precipitation in the absence of snowmelt (for example, Rush Creek and the Root River, Minnesota,
in August 2007 and multiple rivers
in southern Minnesota
in September 2010).84 These warm -
season events are projected to increase
in magnitude.
For the entire Northern Hemisphere, there is evidence of an increase
in both storm frequency and intensity during the cold
season since 1950,1 with storm tracks having shifted slightly towards the poles.2, 3 Extremely heavy snowstorms increased
in number during the last century
in northern and eastern parts of the United States, but have been less frequent since 2000.11,15 Total seasonal snowfall has generally decreased
in southern and some western areas, 16 increased
in the northern Great Plains and Great Lakes region, 16,17 and not changed
in other areas, such as the Sierra Nevada, although snow is melting earlier
in the year and more
precipitation is falling as rain versus snow.18 Very snowy winters have generally been decreasing
in frequency
in most regions over the last 10 to 20 years, although the Northeast has been seeing a normal number of such winters.19 Heavier - than - normal snowfalls recently observed
in the Midwest and Northeast U.S.
in some years, with little snow
in other years, are consistent with indications of increased blocking (a large scale pressure pattern with little or no movement) of the wintertime circulation of the Northern Hemisphere.5 However, conclusions about trends
in blocking have been found to depend on the method of analysis, 6 so the assessment and attribution of trends
in blocking remains an active research area.
For example, the two models with the highest resolution (FLOR and HiFLOR) show increased extreme
precipitation during the Atlantic hurricane
season in the U.S. southeast.
Above - average
precipitation in California and other parts of the West doesn't necessarily mean there will be fewer wildfires this
season — the Golden State has already seen more than twice as many acres burned as it did last year.
Despite the complexity of global food supply, here we show that simple measures of growing
season temperatures and
precipitation — spatial averages based on the locations of each crop — explain ~ 30 % or more of year - to - year variations
in global average yields for the world's six most widely grown crops.
Because the model only describes the rainy
season and does not capture the annual monsoon cycle, abrupt transitions
in the bistable regime can only be interpreted intraseasonally, e.g., a month of heavy rain followed by a month of extraordinarily weak
precipitation.
The seasonal contributions to the difference
in annual
precipitation are slightly larger for June - July - August and March - April - May than for the other
seasons.
Scientists agree that even a small increases
in the global temperature lead to significant climate and weather changes, affecting cloud cover,
precipitation, wind patterns, the frequency and severity of storms, and the timing of
seasons.
For this reason, any delay
in onset or early truncation of our rainy
season (which typically runs from October through May) can quickly result
in diminished annual
precipitation totals; conversely, the occurrence of just a couple of additional storm events can lead to well - above totals for the year.
The 2012 - 2013 water year was especially remarkable because it began rather early with a series of very intense and moist storms associated with «atmospheric rivers»
in Northern California during November but then quickly tapered off, with only light and sporadic
precipitation falling for the remainder of the typical «rainy»
season from mid-December through May.
In temperate areas with four
seasons, the growing
season would be longer with more
precipitation.
Maps show projected percent change
in precipitation in each
season for 2071 - 2099 (compared to the period 1970 - 1999) under an emissions scenario that assumes continued increases
in emissions (A2).
Agricultural growing
seasons warm at a pace slightly behind the annual temperature trends
in most regions, while
precipitation increases slightly ahead of the annual rate.
Shifts
in the probability of extreme drought
seasons generally tracked median
precipitation changes; however, some regions skewed toward drought conditions even where median
precipitation changes were small.