In fact, we don't generally worry about our pets with any of the common
seasonal flu strains.
About two - thirds of confirmed flu cases in the United States have been caused by the H3N2 strain, the most dangerous of the four most common
seasonal flu strains.
This was less likely to happen in young children and infants, with few or no antibodies against
seasonal flu strains, says Polack.
Writing this week (May 23, 2016) in the journal Nature Microbiology, a team of researchers led by University of Wisconsin - Madison School of Veterinary Medicine virologist Yoshihiro Kawaoka describes a novel strategy to predict the antigenic evolution of circulating influenza viruses and give science the ability to more precisely anticipate
seasonal flu strains.
But WHO, following criticism from member countries that declaring phase 6 could cause undue alarm about a virus that appears no more dangerous than
seasonal flu strains, has been reluctant to declare this a full - scale pandemic.
Seasonal flu strains such as H1N1 and H3N2 have shown little resistance to the drug in adults, but two small studies have shown resistance rates of up to 18 % in Japanese children (ScienceNOW, 26 August 2004).
This suggests that the pandemic virus will displace the two previous
seasonal flu strains, as previous pandemics have done.
The vaccines targeted an influenza A H1N1
seasonal flu strain as well as A (H7N9), a virus considered to have the potential to trigger a human pandemic.
Not exact matches
The current crop of
seasonal flu vaccines, which contain H1N1, H3N2 and B flulike
strains, are egg - based.
They were randomized to receive one of three vaccines: the quadrivalent
flu vaccine that contained two A
flu strains and both lineages of the B
strains; the licensed trivalent intradermal vaccine for the 2012 - 2013
flu season; or an alternate trivalent intradermal vaccine that contained two A
strains and the B
strain that was not in the licensed
seasonal flu vaccine.
The responses of those given the quadrivalent vaccine were the same as those of volunteers who received the vaccine with two
strains of A and the
strain of B that matched the B
strain in the 2012 - 2013
seasonal flu trivalent vaccine.
So, researchers at CDC and collaborators used a lab technique called reverse genetics to make combinations of H3N2, a
seasonal human
flu strain, and the 1997
strain of H5N1.
Although the world's attention is focused on the novel H1N1 virus causing the swine
flu pandemic, H3N2, a
seasonal strain of influenza, has popped up in many East Asian countries — and some variants in circulation may outfox the
seasonal vaccine in use.
Strains of H3N2 have been circulating in humans since the 1968 pandemic, but they have evolved to a less dangerous form that produces a nasty
seasonal flu.
Even so, it seems likely that this virus has a greater mortality rate than either ordinary
seasonal flu or possibly the 1918 pandemic H1N1
strain.
The researchers then exposed some of these
strains to antibodies provoked by the current H3
seasonal -
flu vaccines.
Using X-ray crystallography, performed at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) in Grenoble, Cusack and colleagues were able to determine the atomic structure of the whole polymerase from two
strains of influenza: influenza B, one of the
strains that cause
seasonal flu in humans, but which evolves slowly and therefore isn't considered a pandemic threat; and the
strain of influenza A — the fast - evolving
strain that affects humans, birds and other animals and can cause pandemics — that infects bats.
Researchers around the world, including at the University of Rochester Medical Center (URMC), are pursuing a «universal»
flu vaccine, one that would protect against most or all
seasonal and pandemic
strains of the
flu virus.
They found that
seasonal flu escapes immunity and develops into new
strains typically by just a single amino acid substitution.
The letter states that the pause potentially applies to six projects that range from studying the ecology of avian
flu in live bird markets in Colombia to looking at drug - resistance mutations in
seasonal influenza
strains.
While this year's vaccine is a much better match to the circulating
seasonal strains of influenza, the shifty nature of the virus and the need to pick the viruses used to make global vaccine stocks well before the onset of the
flu season can make vaccine
strain selection a shot in the dark.
Like many influenza virologists, John Steel of Emory University in Atlanta often uses a feeble lab
strain of influenza in his studies of how
seasonal flu spreads.
When
flu researchers learned about this new sugar - adorned H3N2 virus in 2014, they made sure to include that
strain in the 2016 — 17
seasonal flu vaccine so that immunized individuals would mount an immune response against it.
The finding is exciting «because it suggests that the
seasonal flu vaccine boosts antibody responses and may provide some measure of protection against a new pandemic
strain that could emerge from the avian population,» said senior study author Paul G. Thomas, PhD, an Associate Member in the Department of Immunology at St. Jude.
Seasonal flu vaccines may protect individuals not only against the
strains of
flu they contain but also against many additional types, according to a study published this week in mBio ®, the online open - access journal of the American Society for Microbiology.
The work, directed by researchers at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital in Memphis, Tenn., found that some study participants who reported receiving
flu vaccines had a strong immune response not only against the
seasonal H3N2
flu strain from 2010, when blood samples were collected for analysis, but also against
flu subtypes never included in any vaccine formulation.
Russell said that he and his colleagues found that each year since 2002 new
strains of influenza A (H3N2), the most infectious variety of
seasonal flu, originated in «the east and Southeast Asian circulation network,» which spans from Malaysia and western Indonesia to Korea and Japan.
September 14, 2016 New analysis explores the geographical origins of the
flu A computer model developed by UChicago's Sarah Cobey and her team shows that small increases in transmission rates may lead to the spread of new
seasonal strains from east, south and southeast Asia.
Each year, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, in collaboration with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization, decides which
strains of influenza virus to include in the
seasonal flu vaccine.