Sentences with phrase «seasonal ice cover»

Other in situ and satellite data suggest that even though the seasonal ice cover was formed later in the fall of 2007, the mean thickness of first year ice cover is comparable to that of the previous two seasons because of lower snow accumulation and lower air temperatures and thus, faster growth.

In addition, even though the seasonal ice cover was formed later in the fall of 2007, the mean thickness of the seasonal ice cover at the end of March was comparable to that of the previous two seasons.

Even though the seasonal ice cover was formed later in the fall of 2007, the mean thickness of the FY ice cover at the end of March seems comparable to that of the previous two seasons because of lower snow accumulation and thus faster growth i.e., higher ice production.

Ocean salinity in the Arctic is of particular interest because it changes significantly with seasonal ice cover and is expected to decrease as the Greenland ice sheet melts and releases massive amounts of freshwater.

Lately, the Arctic is increasingly characterized by seasonal ice cover and large areas are now prone to completely melt away in summer.

The shift from a multiyear to seasonal ice cover has significant implications for the heat and mass budget of the ice and for primary productivity in the upper ocean.

«Yet our biomarker data show acceptable living conditions for phytoplankton and sea ice algae, namely open waters and seasonal ice cover — a wide difference to kilometre - thick ice,» says Rüdiger Stein.

I do know that the seasonal ice covered oceans are very highly productive biologically.

Not exact matches

Ice - covered sea areas in the Arctic Ocean during summer have nearly halved since the 1970s and 1980s, raising alarm that the ocean is shifting from a multiyear to a seasonal ice zoIce - covered sea areas in the Arctic Ocean during summer have nearly halved since the 1970s and 1980s, raising alarm that the ocean is shifting from a multiyear to a seasonal ice zoice zone.

«The combined sea ice data suggest that the seasonal Arctic sea ice cover was strongly reduced during most of the early Holocene and there appear to have been periods of ice free summers in the central Arctic Ocean.

It doesn't have to be CO2 — in this case it's seasonal insolation changes which cause an expansion of ice cover which cause a change in the planet's overall albedo.

Re 9 wili — I know of a paper suggesting, as I recall, that enhanced «backradiation» (downward radiation reaching the surface emitted by the air / clouds) contributed more to Arctic amplification specifically in the cold part of the year (just to be clear, backradiation should generally increase with any warming (aside from greenhouse feedbacks) and more so with a warming due to an increase in the greenhouse effect (including feedbacks like water vapor and, if positive, clouds, though regional changes in water vapor and clouds can go against the global trend); otherwise it was always my understanding that the albedo feedback was key (while sea ice decreases so far have been more a summer phenomenon (when it would be warmer to begin with), the heat capacity of the sea prevents much temperature response, but there is a greater build up of heat from the albedo feedback, and this is released in the cold part of the year when ice forms later or would have formed or would have been thicker; the seasonal effect of reduced winter snow cover decreasing at those latitudes which still recieve sunlight in the winter would not be so delayed).

It is likely that the primary reason for the large loss of ice this summer is that the ice cover has continued to thin and become more dominated by seasonal ice.

In both cases we're talking about seasonal sea ice floating in a thin layer on the sea, next to cold and ice - covered land.

At best, maybe jetfuel would be on to something if the change in seasonal ice / snow cover in Canada is measurably altering the albedo, as scaddenp notes, but I doubt we'll see jetfuel come up with any evidence showing the existence or magnitude of such an effect.

With lack of multiyear ice, a normal or slightly below - normal thickness offshore ice cover (based on ice thickness flights earlier in the season) and coastal ice vulnerable to early break - up, ice conditions would favor a normal or somewhat early seasonal ice retreat.

As we near the final month of summer in the Northern Hemisphere, NASA scientists are watching the annual seasonal melting of the Arctic sea ice cover.

The total area covered by thick older ice that survives one or more summers («multi-year ice») shrank 42 percent or 1.54 million square kilometers (595,000 square miles), leaving thinner first - year ice («seasonal ice») as the dominant type of ice in the region.

There is considerable seasonal variation in how much pack ice of the Arctic ice pack covers the Arctic Ocean.

When the flux is increased, the planet undergoes a decrease in surface albedo which is due to the melting of the permanent polar ice caps and the reduced seasonal snow cover.

«The combined sea ice data suggest that the seasonal Arctic sea ice cover was strongly reduced during most of the early Holocene and there appear to have been periods of ice free summers in the central Arctic Ocean.»

Evidence suggests that the negative phase of the Arctic Oscillation was driven in part by warm air (air warmed by the dramatic seasonal loss of Arctic sea ice) 9 as well as by changes in snow cover over Eurasia driven by climate change.10 This event is part of an emerging trend in which a warming climate may paradoxically bring colder, snowier winters to northern Europe and the eastern United States.11

His chosen models had to simulate the seasonal changes in ice cover to demonstrate an accurate sensitivity to changes in solar insolation.

Lukovich et al. (Centre for Earth Observation Science, U. of Manitoba); 4.6; Heuristic - Dynamics Investigation of dynamical atmospheric contributions in spring to sea ice conditions in fall, based on comparison of 2011 and 2007 stratospheric and surface winds and sea level pressure (SLP) in April and May suggests regional differences in sea ice extent in fall, in a manner consistent with recent studies highlighting the importance of coastal geometry in seasonal interpretations of sea ice cover (Eisenman, 2010).

Overall, the curve shown in Figure 4 is commensurate with the notion that a thinner arctic ice cover that is more mobile can lead to greater seasonal and interannual variability, with a potential loss in predictability.

The eastern Barents Sea (located in Russian territory), as defined by the Polar Bear Specialist Group (see map below), provides ample habitat for polar bears to thrive despite extended fluctuations in seasonal sea ice cover in the western portion.

The fourth core, Core PS2138 - 2, is located at the Barents Sea continental margin, an area with a seasonal sea ice cover and a strong influence of warm Atlantic Water inflow today (Fig. 1; ca. 4/10 summer sea ice concentration).

During the MIS 5 interstadials, a seasonal sea ice cover and ice - edge conditions seem to have been most prominent, with minimum sea ice concentrations towards almost ice - free summers during MIS 5e (Eemian)(Fig. 3b).

Fahl, K. & Stein, R. Modern seasonal variability and deglacial / Holocene change of central Arctic Ocean sea - ice cover: new insights from biomarker proxy records.

Temperatures are rising across the globe, but scientists say that the warmth in the Arctic has been especially profound, as they report exceptionally low snow cover in the Northern Hemisphere and premature seasonal melting of sea ice along with the Greenland ice sheet.

Interestingly this year, while July ice loss rates were rapid in the central Arctic, melt out of the seasonal ice in Hudson and Baffin bays was slow with the ice cover persisting longer than in recent years.

Stroeve's research expedition comes at the cusp of fundamental changes to the Arctic's sea ice cover — from older ice that is hard to melt, to seasonal ice that melts more quickly.

Some components of global OSR (reflection from sea ice and seasonal snow cover) lag behind changes in Ts.

For example, reductions in seasonal sea ice cover and higher surface temperatures may open up new habitat in polar regions for some important fish species, such as cod, herring, and pollock.128 However, continued presence of cold bottom - water temperatures on the Alaskan continental shelf could limit northward migration into the northern Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea off northwestern Alaska.129, 130 In addition, warming may cause reductions in the abundance of some species, such as pollock, in their current ranges in the Bering Sea131and reduce the health of juvenile sockeye salmon, potentially resulting in decreased overwinter survival.132 If ocean warming continues, it is unlikely that current fishing pressure on pollock can be sustained.133 Higher temperatures are also likely to increase the frequency of early Chinook salmon migrations, making management of the fishery by multiple user groups more challenging.134

Following the record warm Arctic winter, the lowest sea ice extent at the seasonal maximum in the satellite era, and the lowest ice extent in the months of May and June; the current sea ice cover remains below normal (see Figures 6a and 6b).

For the first time in our records, the North Pole was covered by seasonal ice (i.e., ice that grew since the end of the previous summer).

The main components of the cryosphere are mountain glaciers and ice caps, floating ice shelves and continental ice sheets, seasonal snow cover on land, frozen ground, sea ice and lake and river ice.

The wide range of studies conducted with the ISCCP datasets and the changing environment for accessing datasets over the Internet suggested the need for the Web site to provide: 1) a larger variety of information about the project and its data products for a much wider variety of users [e.g., people who may not use a particular ISCCP data product but could use some ancillary information (such as the map grid definition, topography, snow and ice cover)-RSB-; 2) more information about the main data products in several different forms (e.g., illustrations of the cloud analysis method) and more flexible access to the full documentation; 3) access to more data summaries and diagnostic statistics to illustrate research possibilities for students, for classroom use by educators, or for users with «simple» climatology questions (e.g., annual and seasonal means); and 4) direct access to the complete data products (e.g., the whole monthly mean cloud dataset is now available online).

A number of techniques have been employed to sub-set or recalibrate these projections based on different aspects of the observed ice cover, including the mean and / or seasonal cycle of ice extent (e.g., Stroeve et al., 2007, 2012a; Wang and Overland, 2009, 2012), historical ice cover trends (Boe et al., 2009), and ice volume and thin ice area (Massonnet et al., 2012).

Regardless of high uncertainty associated with such an estimate, it does provide a lower bound of the time range for projections of seasonal sea ice cover.»

Here we show that a new low ice cover state has appeared from 2007 onwards, which is distinct from the normal state of seasonal sea ice variation, suggesting a bifurcation has occurred from one attractor to two.

The new low ice cover state has been sampled predominantly in summer - autumn and seasonal forcing combined with internal climate variability are likely responsible for triggering recent transitions between the two ice cover states.

In this case, the Arctic will change from having year round to seasonal sea - ice cover.

The top plot is the seasonal averages through 2009 plus the yearly average, and the bottom plot is average winter sea ice cover through 2010.

11) Over the past decade, various studies have attempted to estimate the future trajectory of Arctic climate and have proposed a wide range of projections of seasonal Arctic sea ice cover.

The Arctic Ocean's shift from perennial to seasonal ice is preconditioning the sea ice cover there for more efficient melting and further ice reductions each summer.