In a New England Journal of Medicine perspective, experts from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health, and the World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza in Melbourne discuss how the process of preparing
seasonal influenza vaccines in eggs may contribute to their limited effectiveness.
However, variations in
seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness over the past decade have raised questions about their protective ability and whether other factors, such as antibodies to the NA protein on the flu virus, should be considered in designing the annual flu vaccine to improve its performance.
However,
most seasonal influenza vaccines in the U.S. contain two type A influenza viruses and one type B influenza virus that are selected every year by the World Health Organization (WHO) and U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) for inclusion in flu shots given during the current flu season.
WHO officials will soon face a tricky choice of whether to urge vaccine manufacturers to ramp up stores
of seasonal influenza vaccine, as they do every year, or to focus their efforts on a swine flu vaccine.
Seasonal influenza vaccines are effective against strains that are identified each spring in sentinel laboratories.
Despite the limitations of
the seasonal influenza vaccine, people should still get their annual flu shot, say the authors.
Anthony Fauci, head of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, revealed reassuring data from ongoing clinical trials that test the impact of
the seasonal influenza vaccine on the novel H1N1 product.
The H3N2 strain is one of three in
the seasonal influenza vaccines.
What drives vaccine fears, he notes, is the knowledge that vaccines don't work for everyone and that they can, on rare occasions, cause serious side effects, such as Guillain — Barré syndrome, which develops in one out of every million people who receive
the seasonal influenza vaccine.
No data are yet available for trials in children, who typically have much less robust immune responses to
the seasonal influenza vaccine and require a second dose.
«The study by Egli et al. holds promise for enhancing the response of
the seasonal influenza vaccine by blocking the receptor used for the innate immunity signalling molecule IL28B.
For the past 50 years, vaccine manufacturers in the United States have used egg - based technology to develop
the seasonal influenza vaccine, and they might have stuck to this method were it not for the emergence of the H5N1 virus in Asia.