Sentences with phrase «selection on genes»

We find positive selection on genes involved in various aspects of locomotion, physiology, and cognition.

Natural Selection on Genes Related to Cardiovascular Health in High - Altitude Adapted Andeans Crawford, J., R. Amaru, J. Song, C. Julian, F. Racimo, et.

Natural Selection on Genes Related to Cardiovascular Health in High - Altitude Adapted Andeans.

Thus it was fascinating to see positive selection on genes like CHM and CNGB3, in which mutations can cause retinal diseases featuring night blindness (i.e. choroideremia and retinitis pigmentosa) in humans.

The researchers found strong evidence of selection on genes that control the immune response.

Not exact matches

In this paper, I tried to interpret evolution as a continually shifting balance, spatially and temporally, among what I called the pressures of mutation, selection, and migration on gene frequencies, in conjunction with the effects of random drift composed of random variations in these pressures and of local accidents of sampling.

The new study «adds fuel to an active debate» about the role of accessory genes, says Alan McNally, a microbiologist at the University of Birmingham in England — whether or not the collections of genetic add - ons that bacteria maintain are shaped by natural selection, the process that fuels evolution.

«Those modern humans» selected genes under selection may prove central to a relevant process of domestication, given that these interactions may provide significant data on relevant phenotypic traits,» said Boeckx.

In the study, «Ecological segregation in a small mammal hybrid zone: Habitat - specific mating opportunities and selection against hybrids restrict gene flow on a fine spatial scale,» which appears in the March print edition of the journal Evolution, the authors discuss the factors driving these mating dynamics in a hybrid zone in southern California.

«Ecological segregation in a small mammal hybrid zone: Habitat - specific mating opportunities and selection against hybrids restrict gene flow on a fine spatial scale,» appears in the March print edition of the journal Evolution.

These percentages show that history, and not just natural selection, has a big effect on the human gene pool — and that conquerors tend to spread their Y chromosomes.

These management practices placed only light selection pressure on the herd's gene pool.

This means the weedy forms can draw on both ancestral genes and crop genes as they respond to the selection pressures of modern agriculture.

The authors are now working to understand how selection acts differently on males and females, and how this leads to differences in gene expression between the sexes.

Natural selection seems not to have pushed our life spans to the limit, perhaps because from an evolutionary point of view, passing on genes to the next generation is what matters, not a long and biologically useless old age.

«This is a very easy target for natural selection,» Wrangham argues, because it probably does not depend on numerous mutations but rather on the tweaking of one or two regulatory genes that determine the timing of a whole cascade of developmental events.

Although the sprayed fields had fewer larvae overall, those survivors were more likely to carry resistance genes, presumably because the double - whammy of Bt crops in neighboring rows and the added Bt spray increased the selection pressure on the insects.

The studies were based on a relatively small number of participants, and a selection of genes.

And on page 1693, another team reports further evidence of the action of natural selection in people: A gene expressed in microglia, immune cells of the nervous system, produces a protein found only in humans.

What definitely didn't come from Tinbergen is any emphasis on the gene as the unit of selection.

Because of this level of variation, natural selection acts on the level of individual genes, not the whole genome.

It is not the first study to conclude that natural selection is operating on humans today; the difference is that much of the earlier work has drawn that conclusion from geographic differences in gene frequencies, rather than from direct measurements of reproductive success.

The malarial genes under the most intense selection pressure — those with the most variation, generated over a millennium - long cat - and - mouse game with the immune system's antibody response — are the ones that encode the identifying proteins on the surface of the parasite.

We identified human X-linked genes whose gametologs have been pseudogenized or completely lost from the Y chromosome and inferred which evolutionary forces may be acting to retain genes on the Y. Although gene loss appears to be largely correlated with the suppression of recombination, we observe that X-linked genes with functional Y homologs evolve under stronger purifying selection and are expressed at higher levels than X-linked genes with nonfunctional Y homologs.

Positive selection on apoptosis related genes Fonseca, R. R., C. Kosiol, T. Vinař, A. Siepel et al. 2010.

Natural selection on protein - coding genes in the human genome.

Positive selection on apoptosis related genes.

This optimization was based on combining very stringent selection criteria (minimal secondary structure, minimal homology to other genes in the available rat genomic databases, no low complexity or repeat regions, and defined Tm) with a statistical ranking algorithm [48].

As Charles Darwin explained, natural selection results in the fittest individuals for a given environment surviving to breed and pass on their genes to the next generation.

Natural selection on protein - coding genes in the human genome Bustamante, C. D., A. Fledel - Alon, S. Williamson, R. Nielsen et al. 2005.

«We would expect positive selection to work most effectively on tissue - specific genes, where there would be fewer conflicting requirements,» says Wu.

Williams proposed that natural selection enriches genes promoting reproductive success but consequently ignores their negative effects on longevity.

We can use birth control, so that those of who are «fittest» in terms of natural selection might not pass on our genes at all.

Hamilton meant for his equation to be applied to a particular gene that would code for altruistic behavior, implicitly assuming that the gene was the unit on which selection acted.

Additional Caltech authors on the paper, «Cre - dependent selection yields AAV variants for widespread gene transfer to the adult brain,» are Sripriya Ravindra Kumar, Ken Y. Chan, Abhik Banerjee, Wei - Li Wu, and Bin Yang, as well as former Caltech students Piers L. Pravdo and Bryan P. Simpson.

Yet despite this possibility of a partial redundancy of function with Dazl, mouse Boule has been maintained under purifying selection, further indicating that the presence of other DAZ family genes has had little impact on the functional constraint of Boule.

The selection process increases the likelihood that certain gene variants will be passed on, along with the risk for undesirable health issues.

However, the evolution of advanced protein mutants with desired features is strongly dependent on efficiently targeting the gene of interest, the type of selective pressure chosen and the selection scheme allowing recovery of enhanced mutants.

On average, < 1 coding base substitution / tumor is lost through negative selection, with purifying selection almost absent outside homozygous loss of essential genes.

A common approach is to sort genes by gene ontology (GO)[9] category and speculate on their likely function, involvement in potential pathways, and reasons for being under selection.

To understand the selection mechanism behind mutations, network - based studies were used to estimate the importance of a mutated protein compared to non-mutated ones in signalling and protein — protein interaction networks.10, 11,12,13 Proteins mutated in cancer were found having a high number of interacting partners (i.e., a high degree of connectivity), which indicates high local importance.10 Mutated proteins are also often found in the centre of the network, in key global positions, as quantified by the number of shortest paths passing through them if all proteins are connected with each other (i.e., they have high betweenness centrality; hereafter called betweenness).11, 12 Mutated proteins also have high clustering coefficients, which means their neighbours are also neighbours of each other.10, 13 Moreover, neighbourhood analysis of mutated proteins have been previously successfully used to predict novel cancer - related genes.14, 15 However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has concentrated particularly on the topological importance of first neighbours of mutated proteins in cancer, and their usefulness as drug targets themselves.

For instance, services like 23andMe use genotyping to zoom in on a selection of important DNA base pairs, while specific gene sequencing provides data on particular bases.

My understanding of the established darwinian evolution by natural selection is that for an adaptation to occur, the fitness of individuals (i.e. the ability to pass on their genes to offspring) must be changed.

Natural selection worked her magic, selecting for a fear that would lead to a higher survival rate and a higher likelihood of reproducing and passing on the gene.

And if we believe in natural selection, the men with deep - voice genes would have passed these on to their offspring, and we would now be living in James - Earl - Jones — land.

Teresa Barker is a veteran journalist and book writer, whose collaborations include the New York Times bestseller The Big Disconnect: Protecting Childhood and Family Relationships in the Digital Age, with Catherine Steiner - Adair, EdD (HarperCollins 2013), Raising Cain: Protecting the Emotional Lives of Boys (Ballantine 1999) with Michael G. Thompson, Ph.D., and Dan Kindlon, Ph.D.; In the Moment: Celebrating the Everyday, a Literary Guild Holiday Featured Selection with Harvey L. Rich, MD (HarperCollins 2002); Girls Will Be Girls: Raising Confident, Courageous Daughters, a USA Today Top Summer Reading choice, with JoAnn Deak, Ph.D. (Hyperion 2002); Speaking of Boys: Answers to the Most - Asked Questions About Raising Boys (Ballantine 2000) by Michael G. Thompson, Ph.D.; The Creative Age: Awakening Human Potential in the Second Half of Life (Avon 2000), by Gene Cohen, M.D., Ph.D., founding director of the national Center on Aging, and The Mother - Daughter Book Club: How Ten Busy Mothers and Daughters Came Together to Talk, Laugh and Learn Through Their Love of Reading (HarperCollins 1997) by Shireen Dodson, former assistant director of the Smithsonian Institution's Center for African American History.

While A1a male dogs would like to claim credit for having the best genes, the success of this lineage is probably based mostly on the recent successes of European civilization and colonization than any kind of natural selection.

International Cat Care believe that whenever genetic tests are run on cats for the selection of breeding stock, the gene test result should be linked to a method of permanently identifying the cat that has been tested (eg, a standard, internationally recognised microchip number), and that a vet should collect the sample (blood sample or cheek swab) so that the identification (microchip number) can be verified and recorded on the submission form and result.

In addition, Infinity Gene has a killer auxiliary mode that creates a dynamic level based on a music selection from your iPod library.

Accompanying the Krebs Smoke Drawings will be a selection of works on paper by Leon Berkowitz, Gene Davis, Thomas Downing, Sam Gilliam, Alma Thomas and Anne Truitt.