Sentences with phrase «selective sweeps»
The phrase "selective sweeps" refers to the process in evolution where a particular gene or version of a gene becomes more common in a population because individuals with that gene have an advantage and are more likely to survive and reproduce. Full definition
Under the classic selective sweep model, a new, advantageous gene appears and quickly spreads through the population.
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Under the classic selective sweep model, genetic diversity would be lower surrounding the first group of mutations, those that produced beneficial changes in function, because of their quick spread.
SWIF (r) looks for the statistical signatures of selective sweeps in genomic datasets.
Genomic scans for selective sweeps using SNP data Nielsen, R., S. Williamson, Y. Kim, M. J. Hubisz et al. 2005.
Pollinger et al., [44] identified a 40 Mb selective sweep on CFA11 associated with black coat color in Large Munsterlander and a 10 MB region on CFA3 in Dachshund containing FGFR3, which is responsible for achondroplasia in humans and presumably linked with related genes responsible for canine chondrodysplasia.
When the scientists analyzed the genomes of 80 birch trees from across Europe, they discovered a rich array of selective sweeps in genes that influence important qualities such as tree growth and wood production.
Detecting recent selective sweeps while controlling for mutation rate and background selection.
Classic selective sweeps revealed by massive sequencing in cattle.
On detecting incomplete soft or hard selective sweeps using haplotype structure.
Detecting recent selective sweeps while controlling for mutation rate and background selection Huber, C. D., M. Degiorgio, I. Hellmann and R. Nielsen.
Distinguishing between selective sweeps from standing variation and from a de novo mutation.
Distinguishing between selective sweeps from standing variation and from a de novo mutation Peter, B. M., E. Huerta - Sanchez and R. Nielsen.
Genomic scans for selective sweeps using SNP data.
By examining the sequences of nearly 200 human genomes, research led by Ryan Hernandez, PhD, assistant professor of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences at the University of California, San Francisco, found new evidence arguing against selective sweeps as the dominant mode of human adaptation.
Other genes have undergone selective sweeps in which a new variant came along and quickly rose to prominence, perhaps because of a shift in the environment or as a result of a disease epidemic.
As the genetic basis of those adaptive evolution remained largely unexplored, scientists of this article conducted whole - genome sequencing and selective sweep analysis trying to figure out the genetic basis contributed to the adaptation of domesticated Chinese pig breeds, especially related to thermostatic regulation for varying - latitude environments.
Linkage disequilibrium as a signature of selective sweeps Kim, Y. and R. Nielsen.
Because Nigerian, European, and Chinese / Japanese populations separated roughly 100,000 years ago and subsequently adapted to different environments, frequent selective sweeps would be expected to fix clear genetic differences between the populations.
Further evidence against common selective sweeps was provided by comparing genome variation in different populations.
To test whether selective sweeps were the predominant cause of these troughs, a group of scientists from the University of Chicago, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, the University of Oxford, and the University of California, San Francisco used data from 179 subjects in the 1000 Genomes Project, an international effort to catalogue human variation.
Classic selective sweeps revealed by massive sequencing in cattle Qanbari, S., H. Pausch, S. Jansen, M. Somel et al. 2014.
On detecting incomplete soft or hard selective sweeps using haplotype structure Ferrer - Admetlla, A., M. Liang, T. Korneliussen, and R. Nielsen.
The study, «Classic selective sweeps were rare in recent human evolution,» is published in Science on February 18th.
Linkage disequilibrium as a signature of selective sweeps.
The invariance likely results from either a recent selective sweep, a recent origin for modern Homo sapiens, recurrent male population bottlenecks, or historically small effective male population sizes.
«The selective sweeps we identified may be the basis for local adaptation for different populations of birch,» Salojärvi says.
Moreover, the team found that some selective sweeps appeared to be associated with various environmental conditions.
Such stretches of DNA point to genetic regions that are critical to a species» survival and development, as these regions are the product of «selective sweeps» in which all or most organisms in a geographic location come to depend on a certain genetic trait.
The findings push back the estimated timing of the FOXP2 gene's selective sweep (rapid spread of a gene mutation due to the survival advantage it conferred) from 200,000 to 350,000 years ago, when the common ancestor of Neandertals and humans roamed the earth.
A Selective Sweep on a Deleterious Mutation in CPT1A in Arctic Populations.
A Selective Sweep on a Deleterious Mutation in CPT1A in Arctic Populations Clemente, F. J., A. Cardona, C. E. Inchley, B. M. Peter et al. 2014.
These «selective sweeps» underlie the sweeter and less sour fruit uniformly selected by humans during domestication of the tree.
These adaptive mutations can spread quickly (evolutionarily speaking) through a population in subsequent generations, a process known as a selective sweep.
Geneticists have used this model to look for genetic segments surrounded by «troughs» of low variation, the theoretical footprint of a selective sweep.
Classic selective sweeps, when a beneficial genetic mutation quickly spreads through the human population, are thought to have been the primary driver of human evolution.
«These findings call into question how much more there is to find using the selective sweep approach, and should also make us skeptical of how many of the findings to date will turn out to be validated.»
Applying the model has identified more than 2,000 genes — roughly 10 percent of the human genome — suggesting that selective sweeps were a frequent occurrence that drove the evolution of humans away from their primate ancestors.
The result suggests that classic selective sweeps could not have been the most common cause of these low diversity troughs, leaving the door open for other modes of evolution.
«The selective sweep model was introduced in 1974 and has pretty much been the central model ever since,» Przeworski said.