The key idea behind the model is to hedge the option by buying and
selling the underlying asset in just the right way and, as a consequence, to eliminate risk.
The key financial insight behind the equation is that one can perfectly hedge the option by buying and
selling the underlying asset in just the right way and consequently «eliminate risk».
Not exact matches
Conversely, if the price of an
underlying asset is expected to fall, some may
sell the
asset in a futures contract and buy it back later at a lower price on the spot.
If market participants anticipate an increase
in the price of an
underlying asset in the future, they could potentially gain by purchasing the
asset in a futures contract and
selling it later at a higher price on the spot market or profiting from the favorable price difference through cash settlement.
If you
sell a Naked Call or Put Option, you should have
underlying assets or an open position
in the futures market to protect you from an unlimited loss arising out of adverse price movements.
As I understand it,
in the USA it is illegal to short (
sell) an
underlying asset without a counter-party that lends the
asset (naked) for the sale.
The intrinsic value is an easy calculation - the market price of an option minus the strike price - and it represents the profit that the holder of the option would enjoy if he or she exercised the option, took delivery of the
underlying asset and
sold it
in the current marketplace.
The problem is that robos tend to include more «esoteric» funds, ones that not only trade with a larger spread between bid and ask prices (translation: higher cost to you), but also trade at a discount or premium to the
underlying assets in the ETF (translation: higher costs to you if the manager buys at a premium or
sells at a discount to
asset value).
When the
underlying assets in a mutual fund are
sold, earnings are subject to capital gains tax.
As an example, for an index fund,
assets may get liquidated if the
underlying index changes
in composition, thus requiring the manager to
sell some stocks and purchase others.
The price at which you buy and
sell units reflects the
underlying value of the infrastructure
assets in which you have invested.
They are formed by combining two or more options
in the form of legs under which option contracts are bought and
sold equally, but with different strike prices, sometimes different expiration dates and also different
underlying assets.
Vertical spreads,
in particular, are the spreads
in which one option is bought and the other is
sold simultaneously, with same
underlying asset and same expiration date, but different strike prices.
Options contracts are priced solely by the trading price of the
underlying asset, so even if your multiple account trading could only at best break even when you
sell your final holdings (basically resetting the price to where it was because you started distorting it), this is fine because your real trade is
in the options market.
The first is the liquidity of the ETF itself (how easy it is to buy or
sell it); the second is the liquidity of the
underlying assets in the ETF.
An option contract that gives you the right to
sell (but does not lock you into
selling) the
underlying asset at a specified price, at or before a certain time
in the future.
ETFs can take advantage of their two - tier structure (market makers create and redeem shares
in exchange for the
underlying assets, then
sell / buy those shares to / from you) to essentially eliminate «capital gains distributions» (those pesky annual payouts that a fund is required to make when it
sells its
underlying assets at a profit as part of share redemption or
asset rebalancing).
If, on the other hand, the spread between a future traded on an
underlying asset and the spot price of the
underlying asset was set to widen, possibly due to a rise
in short - term interest rates, then an investor would be advised to
sell the spread (i.e. a calendar spread where the trader
sells the near - dated instrument and simultaneously buys the future on the
underlying).
If a fund is unable to effect a closing purchase transaction with respect to options it has written, it will not be able to
sell the
underlying securities or dispose of
assets earmarked or held
in a segregated account until the options expire or are exercised.
If the fund is unable to effect a closing purchase transaction with respect to options it has written, it will not be able to
sell the
underlying securities or dispose of
assets earmarked or held
in a segregated account until the options expire or are exercised.
In the case of a share option, one party, the holder of the option, pays a premium to obtain the right to purchase (or
sell) an
underlying asset — a quantity of ordinary shares.
Options trading is a form of derivative trading
in which people trade contracts that give them the rights (but not obligation) to buy or
sell an
underlying asset at a predetermined price.
You can't «
sell»
in the cash markets if you don't already own the
underlying asset.
A futures contract is simply a contract to buy or
sell a financial instrument or other
underlying asset at a predetermined price
in the future.
Currently the $ 1 trillion CDO market is largely illiquid, and even if
assets underlying a CDO are worth 80 cents on the dollar, they will
sell for 40 cents
in a fire - sale market.