Sentences with phrase «separately as outcome»

The standardized summary scores for physical and mental components were calculated and used separately as outcome measures.

Not exact matches

All - cause mortality, hospitalization for heart failure, major bleeding events and nonfatal heart attack or stroke were tracked separately as secondary outcomes.

of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation to understand how personal factors including women's social norms, perceived beliefs, social support and personal barriers such as untreated mental health, substance abuse, intimate partner violence, and health system factors, including whether women receive HIV and obstetric care together or separately, contribute to HIV outcomes.

Usually these two types of outcomes are listed separately but some recently developed curriculum frameworks express goals at the end of stages, or years, as a combination of skills and concepts.

The next section shows each of the college outcomes separately for each category of public non-charter high schools, as well as for charter and private schools.

As the distribution obtained by combining all independent evidence is narrower than any of the evidence separately, the choice of prior will have a lesser influence on the outcome, but it may still have a significant effect.

As above, the outcomes are reported separately for babies / toddlers and for older children.

Contrary to the meta - analyses of Crits - Christoph5 andAnderson and Lambert, 7 studies of IPT werenot included (eg, Elkin et al30 and Wilfleyet al31), because the relation of IPT to STPPis controversial, and empirical results suggest that IPT is very close toCBT.9 Thus, this review includes only studiesfor which there is a general agreement that they represent models of STPP.As it is questionable to aggregate the results of very different outcome measuresthat refer to different areas of psychological functioning, we assessed theefficacy of STPP separately for target symptoms, general psychiatric symptoms (ie, comorbid symptoms), and social functioning.32 Thisprocedure is analogous to the meta - analysis of Crits - Christoph.5 Asoutcome measures of target problems, we included patient ratings of targetproblems and measures referring to the symptoms that are specific to the patientgroup under study, eg, measures of anxiety for studies investigating treatmentsof anxiety disorders.33 For the efficacy ofSTPP in general psychiatric symptoms, broad measures of psychiatric symptomssuch as the Symptom Checklist - 90 and specific measures that do not refer specificallyto the disorder under study were included; eg, the Beck Depression Inventoryapplied in patients with personality disorders.34, 35 Forthe assessment of social functioning, the Social Adjustment Scale and similarmeasures were included.36

The concept of resilience and closely related research regarding protective factors provides one avenue for addressing mental well - being that is suggested to have an impact on adolescent substance use.8 — 17 Resilience has been variably defined as the process of, capacity for, or outcome of successful adaptation in the context of risk or adversity.9, 10, 12, 13, 18 Despite this variability, it is generally agreed that a range of individual and environmental protective factors are thought to: contribute to an individual's resilience; be critical for positive youth development and protect adolescents from engaging in risk behaviours, such as substance use.19 — 22 Individual or internal resilience factors refer to the personal skills and traits of young people (including self - esteem, empathy and self - awareness).23 Environmental or external resilience factors refer to the positive influences within a young person's social environment (including connectedness to family, school and community).23 Various studies have separately reported such factors to be negatively associated with adolescent use of different types of substances, 12, 16, 24 — 36 for example, higher self - esteem16, 29, 32, 35 is associated with lower likelihood of tobacco and alcohol use.

Whereas outcomes showed little to no relation to parenting as reported by mother and father separately, higher discrepancies between mothers» and fathers» reports of positive parenting were related to higher levels of behavioral symptoms and lower levels of adaptive skills at T2.