Sentences with phrase «sequences on chromosomes»

Biologists and informatics experts are launching a quiet revolution aimed at building better genomes, one made possible by newer sequencing technologies, novel methods for locating sequences on chromosomes, and improved software for piecing DNA together.

Lu's team will extract immune cells called T cells from the blood of the enrolled patients, and then use CRISPR — Cas9 technology — which pairs a molecular guide able to identify specific genetic sequences on a chromosome with an enzyme that can snip the chromosome at that spot — to knock out a gene in the cells.

In March three separate teams announced that they had zeroed in on a DNA sequence on chromosome 1 that carries the gene for complement factor H, a protein involved in regulating inflammation.

January 16, 2005 — In a paper published in the online edition of Nature Genetics, deCODE scientists describe the discovery of a large and ancient stretch of inverted sequence on chromosome 17.

Not exact matches

When the researchers compared the mRNA to a library of DNA sequences taken from the dendrites of neurons by James Eberwine of the University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, they found that it came from a single gene on chromosome X — the human version of which, when mutated, leads to fragile - X syndrome.

They specifically studied the length of telomeres (repeated DNA sequences) on the ends of chromosomes in leukocytes (white blood cells); the protective caps are believed to be markers of biological aging, because they shrink over time.

When they looked more closely, they found that a 1.5 - million - base - pair sequence was duplicated on one copy of chromosome 17.

The new analysis, based on data assembled primarily by graduate student Yan - Jie Feng at Sun Yat - Sen University in Guangzhou, China, focused on the sequences of 95 genes located on chromosomes in the nucleus and how they changed over time.

These two individuals simply had the good fortune of successfully passing on specific portions of their DNA, called the Y chromosome and the mitochondrial genome, through the millennia to most of us, while the corresponding sequences of others have largely died out due to natural selection or a random process called genetic drift.

Gene sequencing revealed two regions associated with major depressive disorder on one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes.

Using a variety of sequencing and bioinformatics tools, chromosomal imaging and PCR technology, for the first time, they have identified a large chromosomal swap involving two regions on chromosomes 1 and 4, and showed that it prevents the proper reshuffling of its DNA in its progeny.

«In addition to funding rice sequencing, the [Thai] government is about to launch an effort that will move on to functional genomics,» says Apichart Vanavichit, a molecular biologist at Thailand's National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology in Nakorn Pathom, which is helping to sequence chromosome 9.

Kidd notes that this initial paper on Y chromosome sequence diversity provides important first evidence that the male most recent common ancestor did not live more recently than the female most recent common ancestor.

Jeffrey Kidd, Ph.D., an Assistant Professor of Human Genetics and Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics who worked on the new study, notes that only recently has it become possible to sequence Y chromosomes, because of technical limitations of previous approaches.

As when he worked on the human genome, Venter is relying on a radical technique called shotgun sequencing: He chops up vast amounts of DNA into tiny pieces and then uses sophisticated computer analyzers to piece them back together into intelligible genes and chromosomes.

Jim (on the right), whose Y chromosome was sequenced, together with Dolly, his mother, and Binti, his sister.

The DNA analysis used in this study focused on mitochondrial DNA, which is easier to recover from fossils than the DNA in chromosomes, because each cell has thousands of copies of the relatively short mitochondrial DNA sequence.

The researchers sequenced the entire genome of C. amylolentus, mapping the location of all the genes as well as the centromeres on each of the organism's 14 chromosomes.

During development, chromosomes are subject to chemical changes that don't affect the nucleotide sequence but can turn genes on or off; the best known example is methylation, in which a methyl group is attached to specific DNA regions.

Because genes on the Y chromosome often vary slightly in sequence — and even function — from the corresponding genes on the X, males could have slightly different patterns of gene expression throughout the body compared with females, due to not only their hormone levels, but also their entire Y chromosome.

Blasco is best known for her research on the enzymes that maintain telomeres — repetitive DNA sequences capping the chromosomes — and their role in cancer and aging.

Scientists investigated the mutation that causes the Muffs and beard characteristic in certain chicken varieties by mapping the trait to the correct location on the chromosome and sequencing that region from chickens with and without Muffs and beard.

Traditional genetic methods, such as looking at family trees and sequencing individual genes, have linked defects in 80 genes on the X chromosome to XLMR, but the discovery rate has slowed, suggesting that those techniques have reached their limit.

In most cases, for a particular genetic sequence on a specific chromosome, the variants from each pair should be represented equally in the woman's blood.

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a human disease associated with a consistent chromosomal translocation that results in sequences from the c - abl locus on chromosome 9 being fused to sequences in a breakpoint cluster region (bcr) on chromosome 22.

Other medical sequencing projects will use DNA sequencing to: discover new genes that are involved in common diseases; identify the genes responsible for dozens of relatively rare, single - gene (autosomal Mendelian) diseases; sequence all of the genes on the X chromosome from affected individuals to identify those involved in sex - linked diseases; and survey the range of variants in genes known to contribute to certain common diseases.

A targeting vector was designed to insert an internal ribosome entry site (IRES), a Cre recombinase sequence, a polyA sequence, and an frt - flanked neo cassette into the 3» untranslated region (after the translational termination site) of the glutamic acid decarboxylase 2 locus (Gad2) on chromosome 2.

However, we previously reported that the bioinformatics algorithm would incorrectly assign a small fraction of sequenced DNA reads to chromosome Y in pregnancies with female fetuses.24 The percentage chromosome Y values of all studied pregnancies are shown in appendix 7 on bmj.com.

After looking at 9 million genetic variants in those who were asparagus anosmic, they linked this deficiency to 871 individual sequence variations they discovered in chromosome 1, on genes associated with our sense of smell.

Discovered in 1938 by geneticist Hermann J. Müller, telomeres (Greek for «end part») are essentially protective caps composed of short DNA sequences on the tips of chromosomes.

The exome sequences of 1,535 Kronos and 1,200 Cadenza mutants have been re-sequenced using Illumina next - generation sequencing, the raw data aligned to the IWGSC Chinese Spring chromosome arm survey sequence, mutations identified, and their effects predicted based on the protein annotation available at the Ensembl Plants archive site.

gene A hereditary unit consisting of a sequence of DNA that occupies a specific location on a chromosome and determines a particular characteristic in an organism.

We have re-sequenced the exome of 1,535 Kronos and 1,200 Cadenza mutants using Illumina next - generation sequencing, aligned this raw data to the IWGSC Chinese Spring chromosome arm survey sequence, identified mutations, and predicted their effects based on the protein annotation available at Ensembl Plants.

The researchers sequenced the genomes of Kenyan honeybees from mountain forests or lowland savannahs and uncovered that regions located on chromosome 7 and 9 were consistently different between the two populations.

a gene or a DNA sequence situated at a known position on a chromosome, which can be used to identify cells or individuals.

In many imprinted genes, regulatory sequence elements have been identified that are methylated on one of the parental chromosomes only.

The detailed sequences Page's team developed were necessary, however, to compare genes on the Y chromosome with those on the X chromosomes to find pairs of genes on both.

The researchers observed a sequence variant in a previously unidentified gout susceptibility gene located on chromosome 19 that has a large effect on serum uric acid levels and gout.

The researchers recently produced new, high - quality sequences for some of these Y chromosomes, but have been working on many of them for more than a decade.

In the present study, we used a combination of BAC clone contig construction, polymorphism analysis of DNA from congenic strains, and sequence mining of the human orthologous region to generate an integrated map of the Idd10 region on mouse chromosome 3.

When the researchers sequenced the samples for genetic mutations and analyzed chromosome structure, they could trace the tumors» evolutionary histories, much as evolutionary biologists trace the origins of organisms back to their common ancestors based on fossils deposited in different geologic eras.

Using Telo - 5 technology developed from actual Nobel Prize - winning medical research on telomeres — a genetic sequence that protects chromosomes from deterioration — this cream helps nix the appearance of wrinkles, improve skin firmness, and even out any discoloration for youthful looking skin.

Scientists working to sort out hundreds of thousands of genes found that some sequences on canine chromosomes are similar to some sequences on human chromosomes and can therefore lead to the discovery of markers for some diseases or abnormalities in both species.

The coding sequences (Genbank Accession number HQ110882) of both of these are in 100 % agreement with the public domain assembled canine genome on Chromosome 7: 22,632,147 — 22,638,970.

The study then examined the participants» DNA, specifically the length of their telomeres, which are — he explained — repetition sequences of DNA at the end of chromosomes that shorten as one gets older, «like the plastic tabs on shoelaces that fray over time».

Adults who had been categorized as behaviorally inhibited at the age of 2 years exhibited a higher amygdala activation in response to unknown vs familiar faces16 compared with adults who were uninhibited as children, consistent with the notion that novel or ambiguous environmental stimuli of potential biological relevance activate the amygdala.17 Turning to genes that can influence the neurobiological bases of the processing of emotions, 2 common alleles, the short (S) and the long (L), in a variable repeat sequence of the serotonin transporter (5 - HTT) promoter polymorphism (5 - HTTLPR) on human chromosome 17q11 have been differently associated with greater amygdala activity in response to angry or fearful faces18 in healthy adults.