Sentences with phrase «serotonergenic brainstem»

Motoric excitations and many excitations in the brainstem and the cerebellum do not belong to this process.

An organ about the size of an almond, located just above the brainstem, the hypothalamus controls a variety of processes, including hunger, thirst, thermoregulation, attachment, sleep, and fatigue.

She bled into the brainstem and pons areas of the brain.

Experts found that up to 70 percent of babies who died from SIDS had lower than normal levels of serotonin in the brainstem.

These may include a hearing test (either the otoacoustic emission or the automated auditory brainstem response tests,) car seat safety check, testing for an hyperbilirubinemia, and screening for heart disease.

Serotonin is a neurotransmitter — a chemical messenger — that helps the brainstem communicate with nerve cells in the spinal cord and beyond.

There's not a parent on the planet who doesn't feel triggered when their kids find themselves stuck in their brainstem, where FLIGHT, FIGHT and FREEZE rule the day.

Abnormalities of the brainstem serotonergic system in the sudden infant death syndrome: A review.

Serotonergenic brainstem abnormalities in Northern Plains Indians with the sudden infant death syndrome.

Multiple serotonergenic brainstem abnormalities in sudden infant death syndrome.

Our hearing testing offerings include diagnostic audiology services, intra-operative testing, auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing, inner ear evaluations, specialized screening for newborns, infants and toddlers and patients with cancer.

The health risks associated with formula feeding for premature infants include increased incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis, 5 delayed brainstem maturation, 6 decreased scoring on cognitive and developmental tests,7 - 10 and decreased visual development.11, 12 Thus, human - milk feeding of premature infants is desirable, and effective strategies to increase breastfeeding rates in this population are needed.

Brainstem abnormalities that involve the medullary serotonergic (5 - hydroxytryptamine [5 - HT]-RRB- system in up to 70 % of infants who die from SIDS are the most robust and specific neuropathologic findings associated with SIDS and have been confirmed in several independent data sets and laboratories.37, — , 40 This area of the brainstem plays a key role in coordinating many respiratory, arousal, and autonomic functions and, when dysfunctional, might prevent normal protective responses to stressors that commonly occur during sleep.

Postmortem studies of Northern Plains American Indian infants revealed that prenatal cigarette smoking was significantly associated with decreased serotonin receptor binding in the brainstem.

In animal models, exposure to cigarette smoke or nicotine during fetal development alters the expression of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in areas of the brainstem important for autonomic function, 28 alters the neuronal excitability of neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius (a brainstem region important for sensory integration), 29 and alters fetal autonomic activity and medullary neurotransmitter receptors.30 In human infants, there are strong associations between nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and serotonin receptors in the brainstem during development.31 Prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke attenuates recovery from hypoxia in preterm infants, 32 decreases heart rate variability in preterm33 and term34 infants, and abolishes the normal relationship between heart rate and gestational age at birth.33 Moreover, infants of smoking mothers exhibit impaired arousal patterns to trigeminal stimulation in proportion to urinary cotinine levels.35 It is important to note also that prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke alters the normal programming of cardiovascular reflexes such that there is a greater - than - expected increase in blood pressure and heart rate in response to breathing 4 % carbon dioxide or a 60 ° head - up tilt.36 These changes in autonomic function, arousal, and cardiovascular reflexes might all increase an infant's vulnerability to SIDS.

Brainstem mechanisms underlying the sudden infant death syndrome: evidence from human pathologic studies

Changes in serotoninergic receptors 1A and 2A in the piglet brainstem after intermittent hypercapnic hypoxia (IHH) and nicotine

Developmental neurotransmitter pathology in the brainstem of sudden infant death syndrome: a review and sleep position

Serotoninergic receptor 1A in the sudden infant death syndrome brainstem medulla and associations with clinical risk factors

«Mice could have seizures and nothing would happen, but then one seizure would finally trigger a blackout event in the brainstem.»

In 2015, Noebels and Dr. Isamu Aiba, a research fellow in neurology at Baylor, published a paper in Science Translational Medicine in which they described in a mouse model what would happen if spreading depolarization, the blackout of brain activity, occurred deep in the brainstem, which controls the heart beat and breathing.

«Leaky calcium triggers brainstem blackout that results in sudden cardiac death.»

Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is a term applied to a number of different disorders, all having in common a genetic cause and the manifestation of weakness due to loss of the motor neurons of the spinal cord and brainstem.

She and her colleagues focused on the neuronal activity in the trapezoid body, a structure located in the brainstem that forms part of the pathway that eventually leads to the auditory cortex.

Three separate groups have performed advanced sequencing on ependymomas, a tumor that occurs at the part of the brain called the posterior fossa, which is the back base of the brain including the cerebellum, pons and brainstem.

Anand says he has grown a brain — complete with a cortex, midbrain and brainstem — in a dish, comparable in maturity to that of a fetus aged 5 weeks.

The team tested the guinea pigs» hearing by monitoring the electrical activity in their brainstems in response to various noises.

These results implicate adrenaline - containing neurons in the brainstem in the development of hypertension.

These neurons project to an area of the brainstem, known as the midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG), that controls the fear response.

The study, published online April 16 in Nature Medicine, represents the first time a severe brainstem cancer, diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma, has been eradicated in mice with the tumor.

Far - reaching neurons in the central amygdala, the location of fear memory in the brain seen here in red (rightl), directly contact neurons in the brainstem, here in green (left).

The two reflexes occur automatically as a result of signals from the brainstem, an evolutionarily older part of the brain.

Today, scientists at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL) announce the discovery of a new neural circuit in the brain that directly links the site of fear memory with an area of the brainstem that controls behavior.

The team injected chemicals similar to those released in a healthy rat by the brainstem pathways that activate nerves controlling lower body movement.

It has long been observed that a collection of neural projections from the visual cortex extends to cells of the brainstem that regulate innate motor behaviors.

Next, the team tested the GD2 CAR - T cells in mice whose brainstem was implanted with human DIPG tumors, an experimental system that Monje's lab pioneered.

From there, they reach neurons in the brainstem, the action center for fear responses.

«Most of our reflexes are encoded in the brainstem, but from an evolutionary standpoint, the ability for one's cortex to modify these reflexes expands one's behavioral repertoire as the circumstances require,» he said.

A team of CSHL scientists have discovered a new neural circuit in the brain that directly links the site of fear memory with an area of the brainstem that controls behavior.

The brain activity within the brainstem of these older adults demonstrated abnormally large speech sound processing within seven to 10 milliseconds of the signal hitting the ear, which could be a sign of greater communication problems in the future.

Within older adults who scored below the normal benchmark on a dementia screening test, but have no noticeable communication problems, scientists have discovered a new potential predictor of early dementia through abnormal functionality in regions of the brain that process speech (the brainstem and auditory cortex).

Researchers measured brain activity in the brainstem while participants were watching a video.

This study showed that mtDNA levels are higher in the surviving cholinergic neurons of the brainstem, but with both cell - types that undergo profound degeneration during Parkinson's disease.

«New brainstem changes identified in Parkinson's disease.»

However, we observed more substantial differences in an area called periaqueductal gray matter, located in the upper brainstem.

Research shows that in Parkinson's disease a brainstem region called the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) develops changes in DNA found in mitochondria — the batteries of the cell — as they produce and store energy that cells can use.

Damage to certain evolutionarily ancient structures in the brainstem robs people of consciousness entirely, leaving them in a coma or a persistent vegetative state.

The disease is known to affect motor neurons — nerve cells that control muscles — in the brain, brainstem and spinal cord.

«What was especially surprising and exciting was that a subset of nerve cells situated largely in the brainstem could slowly re-grow far down the spinal cord once a permissive environment that allowed them past the site of the scar was provided,» Silver said.

«T2,» a 66 - year - old man who survived a brainstem stroke in 2006, can move only his eyes and head.