Their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities are largely due to their abilities to scavenge the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and improvement of antioxidant status by attenuating the activity of NF - κB and suppressing the expression of
several inflammatory cytokines and chemokines including monocyte chemotactic protein - 1 (MCP - 1), nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases, cellular adhesion molecules, tumor necrosis factor and interleukins.
Severity of AP has been predicted by the magnitude of local and systemic
inflammatory cytokine production [33] and
several reports have well documented for over activation of leukocytes being the major contributor of inflammation leading to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome [34].