The joint field season with the South Korean icebreaker, Araon, was excellent, and some significant work on bathymetry, oceanography, and sediment coring was accomplished, and
several measurement sites that had gone silent in the past two years were repaired.
«Since 1990, surface ocean pH has directly been measured or calculated at
several locations, with the average recent decrease estimated as 0.0019 pH units per year at the Hawaii Ocean Time - series (HOT; close to the
site of long - term atmospheric CO2
measurements at Mauna Loa)[12]; 0.0017 per year based on transects in the North Pacific [13]; 0.0012 per year at the Bermuda Atlantic Time - Series (BATS)[14] and 0.0017 per year at the European Station for Time - Series in the Ocean at the Canary Islands (ESTOC)[15].