Severe conformational changes have necessitated a high rate of artificial insemination and Caesarean sections and litter sizes tend to be small.5, 9 The breed ranks second in
congenital disease and associated puppy mortality [5], due mainly to
birth defects such as flat chests with splayed legs; anasarca (water babies) and cleft palate [6].10, 11 Although some English bulldogs enjoy reasonable health, their longevity is definitely affected by the degree of conformational change and inbreeding, which is reflected by lifespan estimates ranging from 3.2 to 11.3 years with a median of 8.4 years [7].