The aim of this study was to investigate the cost effectiveness of ICBT and IBSM for
severe health anxiety featuring a societal perspective.
Data were collected within the context of a randomised controlled trial of ICBT (n = 79) and IBSM (n = 79) for adults with
severe health anxiety.
The total sample comprised 158 adult participants with
severe health anxiety, of whom 79 were randomised to ICBT and 79 to IBSM.
Health anxiety in obsessive compulsive disorder and obsessive compulsive symptoms in
severe health anxiety: An investigation of symptom profiles.
These features include
severe health anxiety, which is associated with increased healthcare consumption and functional impairment.1, 2 It is also a relatively common disorder and, in the absence of treatment, it is chronic for most patients.3, 4 Since health anxiety can be viewed as a dimensional phenomenon, ranging from adaptive concerns to severely debilitating anxiety, 5 the term
severe health anxiety is used in this paper to denote our reference to clinically significant impaired individuals meeting diagnostic criteria of DSM - IV hypochondriasis.
The aim of the present study was to investigate the cost effectiveness of ICBT compared with internet - delivered behavioural stress management (IBSM) for adults with
severe health anxiety defined as Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM - IV) hypochondriasis.
The treatment was similar to the behavioural stress management for
severe health anxiety tested in a face - to - face format by Clark et al. 21 Applied relaxation did not strictly follow but was inspired by the treatment developed by Ost22 and had previously been tested as an internet - based intervention.23 The programme started with progressive relaxation, followed by release - only relaxation, conditioning a relaxed state to a verbal cue, and applying rapid relaxation in distressing situations.
ICBT could play an important role of making effective psychological treatment accessible to patients with
severe health anxiety.
Several features of
severe health anxiety, here defined as Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM - IV) hypochondriasis, lead to high societal costs of illness.
Only one health economic evaluation of ICBT for
severe health anxiety has been conducted, and in that study it was found that the treatment was highly cost - effective in comparison to a basic attention control condition that did not receive active treatment.13 The incremental cost - effectiveness ratio (ICER) was − # 1244, meaning that each case of improvement in ICBT relative to the control condition generated a societal net economic gain of # 1244.
Two studies have analysed cost effectiveness of CBT for
severe health anxiety delivered in a conventional face - to - face format compared with treatment as usual using data from randomised controlled trials.8, 9 In the first study, it was found that CBT but not the control condition reduced consumption of primary and secondary healthcare contacts, but total costs were unchanged in both conditions.8 In the second study, a large - scale randomised trial, the health economic analyses showed that there were no significant differences between the two treatment conditions.9 In both of the above studies, CBT was superior in reducing health anxiety symptoms compared with treatment as usual, which means that as costs were similar across groups, CBT is likely to be the more cost - effective treatment option.
Although previously considered a disorder highly difficult to treat, in the past 15 years, cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) has emerged as an empirically supported treatment for
severe health anxiety yielding large reductions of health anxiety.6 Few studies have, however, investigated whether CBT is a cost - effective treatment.
Objectives Internet - delivered exposure - based cognitive behaviour therapy (ICBT) has been shown to be effective in the treatment of
severe health anxiety.
A cost - benefit analysis speaks for ICBT to play an important role in increasing access to effective treatment for
severe health anxiety.
The aim of this study was to investigate the cost effectiveness of ICBT versus IBSM for
severe health anxiety featuring a societal perspective and using randomised trial data.
Cost effectiveness of internet - based cognitive behaviour therapy and behavioural stress management for
severe health anxiety.
Personality Change following Internet - Based Cognitive Behavior Therapy for
Severe Health Anxiety.
If patients» health worries are addressed at an early stage by the physicians, repeated consultations and medical examinations may be prevented, and it could also prevent development of more
severe Health anxiety that needs intensive intervention.
Compared with the 968 patients with well - defined medical conditions, the 81
severe Health anxiety patients and the 59 DSM - IV Hypochondriasis patients continued during follow - up to manifest significantly more Health anxiety (Whiteley - 7 scale).
The differences in PCS scores between
the severe Health anxiety patients, the DSM - IV Hypochondriasis patients, and the well - defined medical condition patients were statistically significant (Table 3).
The aim of this study was to investigate the cost - effectiveness and 1 - year treatment effects of ICBT for
severe health anxiety.
ICBT is a cost - effective treatment for
severe health anxiety that can produce substantial and enduring effects.
Severe health anxiety is a common condition associated with functional disability, making it a costly disorder from a societal perspective.
We did not find any differences in outcomes between patients with DSM - IV Hypochondriasis only, patients with
severe Health anxiety only, and patients with both diagnoses.
It is noteworthy that
the severe Health anxiety patients had worse outcomes on any outcome measures used in this study, including PCS, than patients with a well - defined medical condition.
The impact of exposure - based cognitive behavior therapy for
severe health anxiety on self - rated health: Results from a randomized trial.
Severe Health anxiety was found to be a disturbing and persistent condition.
Some patients were lost to follow - up; the highest number in the well - defined medical condition group in which only 60 % answered the 24 - month follow - up questionnaire, whereas 66 % or more of the DSM - IV Hypochondriasis patients, 65 % or more of
the severe Health anxiety, and at least 76 % of the mild Health anxiety patients completed the follow - up questionnaire.
At least 78 % of the patients with
severe Health anxiety completed the questionnaire, in the mild Health anxiety group 87 % or more did, and in the medical condition group 72 % or more answered the follow - up questionnaire.
It is seen that 45.3 % of the patients with
severe Health anxiety would still be ill at 24 months using this cutpoint for an «ill» response.
The severe Health anxiety patients used about 41 — 78 % more health care per year in total, both during the 3 years preceding inclusion and during follow - up, whereas the DSM - IV Hypochondriasis patients did not have statistically significantly higher total use.
Not exact matches
Nearly 300 who were screened, or 1 in 5, were considered a «high [behavioral
health] risk,» meaning they had suicidal thoughts or a behavioral
health condition, such as
anxiety or
severe depression, requiring «intensive medication management and / or therapy.»
These mental
health conditions can lead to more
severe ones, including major depression or an
anxiety disorder.
I have had to resign my post due to the effect it has been having on my mental
health (
severe anxiety / depression).»
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a hormone imbalance that causes infertility, obesity, and excessive facial hair in women, can also lead to
severe mental
health issues including
anxiety, depression, and eating disorders.
I have been under
severe duress for a long time due to
health condition
anxiety which involves a relapse of my NHL cancer and constant sciatica coming from my back after a fall on ice.
If you or a client are experiencing
severe symptoms of depression or
anxiety, please refer to a trusted physician, naturopath, or mental
health provider, who may in fact suggest an aromatherapy regime.
If this particular nutritional psychiatry approach works so well for
severe mental
health disorders such as schizophrenia and psychosis, how will it work for less
severe conditions like
anxiety and panic attacks?
I began my own
health journey with a rocky start; I subscribed to fad diets that were not suitable for my individual needs and coupled with my poor lifestyle habits I was left with
severe PMS symptoms,
anxiety, depression, terrible acne and little to no energy.
Specialist help is available for more
severe anxiety from NHS child and adolescent mental
health services, which can be accessed via a GP.
For teens whose
anxiety isn't
severe, the school nurse can play a vital, overlooked role in sustaining
health and wellness.
«We see far too many kids who suffer from debilitating
health issues, such as depression, eating disorders, perfectionism,
severe sleep deprivation, and
anxiety,» says Stanford University's Denise Pope, who urges parents to prioritize the «ultimate
health and well being of their children.»
We see far too many kids who suffer from debilitating
health issues, such as depression, eating disorders, perfectionism,
severe sleep deprivation, and
anxiety.
Of - course for some pupils — those with significant
anxiety or depression or
severe behavioural difficulties - specialist support from trained mental
health professionals is required.
Debt problems can have a significant impact on your life — financial difficulties are leading to constant stress, which on its own can cause various
health problems such as
severe depression,
anxiety and migraines to name just few.
Untreated,
anxiety can have
severe negative effects on your pet's
health.
Consider your pet's general
health and history of
severe anxiety during travel (and for those with
anxiety, perhaps reconsider leaving the cat at home with a reliable housesitter).
By 1968, Rothko's
health was in decline from years of
severe anxiety and his related drinking and smoking habits.
Parents and carers of students with significant support needs, including mental
health,
severe disruptive behaviours,
severe anxiety or school phobia preventing attendance at an ACT school will need to submit with their application a current letter from a registered psychologist, psychiatrist or paediatrician specifically recommending distance education.
Stress is a risk factor for mental
health conditions such as
anxiety and depression, if the level of stress is
severe or ongoing.