Trapped in crates with no mental stimulation, many pigs resort to gnawing on bars or waving their heads repeatedly, indications
of severe psychological distress.
Confinement leads to: •
severe psychological distress • serious behavioural problems • serious medical and physiological problems • socialisation problems.
The sometimes hundreds of dog or cat victims of a single hoarder generally show signs of abuse such as severe malnutrition, untreated medical conditions including open sores, cancers, and advanced dental and eye diseases, and
severe psychological distress.
Chronic pain and fibromyalgia are debilitating conditions that can result from physical trauma, accidents or
severe psychological distress.