Sentences with phrase «shade coffee smallholder»

Not exact matches

For example, 81 % of the coffee in Nicaragua and El Salvador grew under a shade canopy in 1996, and although recent surveys document declines in shade tree diversity since then, these declines mostly occurred on larger farms; in contrast, many smallholder cooperatives preserve high levels of biodiversity, including more than 100 species of shade trees on fewer than 30 farms (Méndez et al. 2010a).