Shale drilling refers to a method of extracting natural gas or oil from underground rock formations called shale. It involves drilling deep into the earth, then using a combination of water, sand, and chemicals to break apart the rock and release the trapped gas or oil. This technique has become important in recent years as a way to access previously inaccessible energy resources.
Full definition
U.S. oil production recently broke another record, jumping to 10.619 million barrels per day (mb / d) in the last week in April, and the sky seems to be the limit for
U.S. shale drillers.
Exxon has done some pilot project work and other exploration in the country for several years, but it will formally request a 35 - year concession for
shale drilling in the Vaca Muerta.
Neighboring New York state, home to a smaller stretch of the Marcellus shale formation, has halted permissions
for shale drilling while it mulls the affect on drinking water.
Bloomberg noted that the Wolfcamp, where this deposit was found, has been one of the primary targets
of shale drillers.
Price increases have been capped by rising U.S. production
as shale drillers ramp up activity, underpinning a widening discount between Brent and WTI.
Shell plans to start construction of one of the nation's largest ethane crackers this year in Pennsylvania, home to the Marcellus
shale drilling rush.
The outage of key oil ports have disrupted shipments, leaving
Texas shale drillers without a destination for their crude.
American
shale drillers using the same technology have flooded their domestic market in recent years, pushing out higher - cost Canadian supply.
Doing so could put enough pressure on oil prices to prevent a repeat of this year when several
shale drillers ramped up spending, with Whiting, for example, doubling its budget.
This is coming at a time when shareholders are demanding financial discipline and a better return on investment
from shale drillers, another development that Papa believes will hold back production growth.
Pittsburgh - based EQT Corp. is poised to become the largest producer of natural gas in the United States after announcing it will acquire
fellow shale driller Rice Energy.
EQT Corp. is poised to become the largest U.S. natural gas producer after announcing it will acquire fellow
shale driller Rice Energy.
But while U.S. producers are
accelerating shale drilling in areas in the United States, higher production has not necessarily translated into stronger refining results for some oil companies.
The ultimate rebalancing of the oil market will also hinge on other factors such as the response from North
American shale drillers.
Lower oil prices played a part in that decline, because those prices might
force shale drillers to cut back on new wells, which would reduce demand for frack sand.
Hedge fund managers have gambled everything on a goldilocks scenario in which oil prices rise without damaging demand or spurring too
much shale drilling.
OPEC wants an open dialogue with U.S.
shale drillers after the most painful downturn in six oil price cycles.
After closing, EQT's output will total 3.6 billion cubic feet per day of natural gas, topping U.S. production by oil major Exxon Mobil and
shale drilling pioneer Chesapeake Energy.
Papa, CEO of Centennial Resource Development, is a closely followed figure in the U.S.
shale drilling world, where producers rely on advanced techniques to coax oil and gas from tight rock formations.
Companies like Anadarko (NYSE: APC) are too large to offer the huge upside potential that
small shale drillers have, but they are also not as safe as the likes of ExxonMobil (NYSE: XOM), leaving them with a tricky investment case.
The share price of Carrizo Oil & Gas, an Eagle Ford -
focused shale driller, has plunged by as much as 15 percent over the past week.
A similar program in Ohio shows teachers how to «frack» Twinkies using straws to pump for cream and advises on the curriculum for a charter school that revolves
around shale drilling.
When OPEC decided to step in to support the oil market,
shale drillers saw that as the all - clear to boost spending.
At the same time, many argue the OPEC cuts still need to be extended because a $ 60 price signal will spur
more shale drilling, putting downward pressure on the market all over again.
As a result, OPEC has less incentive to continue to prop up oil prices by reducing its production, since all it seems to be doing is
encouraging shale drillers to increase their output.
But the only thing that seems to
cause shale drillers to reduce spending — and therefore production — is lower oil prices, since the cash flow from crude is their lifeblood.
Given that
most shale drillers will only cut back when crude falls, OPEC's only option to get its message across might be to let the current output reduction agreement expire next March.
So the only way for OPEC to get its message across would be to take away the one
thing shale drillers need to keep drilling, which is a stable oil price — that is, unless shareholders persuade them to use their money for something other than drilling more wells.
While those oil stockpiles have fallen this year, they haven't come down as quickly as hoped,
because shale drillers promptly ramped back up.
OPEC initially responded by unleashing its own torrent of oil, which it hoped would drown out
weaker shale drillers.
However, the message will probably fall on deaf ears,
since shale drillers aren't beholden to OPEC but shareholders.
The crash in prices meant that
shale drillers moved on to greener pastures, and most of them began looking for oil rather than gas because crude fetched $ 70 to $ 80 per barrel.
Now with U.S.
shale drillers leading an expansion of energy production, hiring is finally back on the rise; 89 percent of energy employers surveyed told The Chronicle they will be boosting staffing levels and recruitment over the next 12 months.
The coalition has made the exploitation of Britain's unconventional gas reserves a top priority, offering tax breaks to shale developers and promising big benefits to communities that
host shale drillers.
As the recent court cases on force majeure point out, the gas industry could have been doing
vertical shale drilling / fracking, as well as drilling in conventional formations, the whole time that the SGEIS / regulation process has been ongoing.
Shale Network for the past six years has fostered a dialogue
about shale drilling between concerned citizens, watershed groups, government regulators and personnel from large energy companies by focusing on publicly available water quality data.
The Eastern Gas Shales Project, a series of public -
private shale drilling demonstration projects in the early 1970s in response to the energy crisis;
The domestic coal industry has struggled to compete with cheap natural gas unlocked by
new shale drilling techniques.
Today,
shale drillers face a perfect storm of economic challenges, environmental headaches, and stiff competition from the wind sector and other forms of renewable energy.