For the USA it is critical to replace the millions of barrels of expensive imported crude oil used primarily for transportation with local alternates, i, e, more US oil,
shale oil or gas, biofuels (NOT corn!)
You probably already read about California being added to the list of states facing the economic opportunities and environmental issues that come with abundant
shale oil or gas (oil in California's case, because of the Monterey Shale).
Not exact matches
To get the
oil, producers fracture,
or «frack,» the earth below with a high - pressure liquid mixture to untap
oil and
gas from
shale rock.
It's going to cost her $ 3,200 to get a lab to test for all the acids, detergents and poisons that companies say they use for fracking —
or hydraulic fracturing — to break up underground
shale and remove
oil and natural
gas.
Every year, moreover, producers add to global reserves, whether through unlocking natural
gas shale formations,
oil sands bitumen plays,
or drilling deep into the ocean floor.
However,
oil prices have been dropping like hot potatoes, almost 30 %, and with that energy stocks are tanking in unison and singing songs with same tune, along with drilling and exploration companies for
shale oil or natural
gas.
With the US currently feeling more
or less self - sufficient with the
shale oil /
gas boom of the last decade, the primary market for bitumen has dried up, and shipping it around the world is laughably uneconomical.
If such developments were to occur elsewhere, either because of
shale gas or the advent of a truly global natural
gas market, then, according to our analysis, this could have a major impact on the use of different fuels —
oil,
gas, coal, renewables, and nuclear.»
Added Vengosh: «Our new study, which integrates data from multiple government and industry sources, provides the first comprehensive assessment of fracking's total water footprint, both nationally and for each of the 10 major U.S.
shale gas or tight
oil basins.»
Hydraulic fracturing,
or «fracking,» is a petroleum - extraction procedure in which millions of gallons of water (as well as sand and chemicals) are injected deep into underground
shale beds to crack the rock and release natural
gas and
oil.
Hydraulic fracturing, a technique for extracting
oil and
gas from
shale rock, often takes place a mile
or more below groundwater supplies.
Second, several years ago, I heard that teams of Chinese engineers were spending months in Oklahoma to learn about hydraulic fracturing,
or fracking, as a method for liberating
gas and
oil from previously untappable
shale deposits.
Chip Northrup, a former
oil and
gas investor from Texas who now splits his time between Dallas and upstate New York, is an articulate and energetic opponent of hydraulic fracturing,
or fracking, for the natural
gas locked in deep
shale layers in the state.
A decade ago, no one projected the growth in
shale gas or tight
oil in the US
or anywhere else in the world.
Moreover, we should avoid now economically (but not ecologically) feasible widespread use of CO2 dirty technologies: coal - to - liquid,
gas - to - liquid,
oil shales or tar sands... nice said, worse done...
The game - changer is «unconventional fossil fuels,» much of it trapped in
shale — rock that often contains
oil or gas.
While natural
gas is much less carbon - intense than coal
or oil, a burgeoning industry based on cheap
shale gas easily could swamp those gains in the long run.
Hydraulic fracturing,
or fracking, a technique to remove natural
gas and
oil from
shale formations, has been under withering assault from environmental groups for much of the last decade.
Hydraulic fracturing
or fracking for
shale gas is the new wild frontier of the fossil - fuel industry, one they're keen to promote as a low - carbon alternative to high - polluting coal and
oil.
The
oil and
gas industry, industry - funded academics and ideological think tanks have promoted
shale gas development — through the controversial process of hydraulic fracturing,
or fracking — as a sure - fire job creator during difficult economic times.
Then a mixture, commonly known as fracking fluid, of water (90 percent), sand (9.5 percent) and chemicals (0.5 percent) is pumped into the well under high pressure to create micro-fractures in the
shale and free the natural
gas or oil.
About 40 percent of the
oil and
gas wells in parts of the Marcellus
shale region will probably be leaking methane into the groundwater
or into the atmosphere, concludes a Cornell - led research team that examined the records of more than 41,000 such wells in Pennsylvania.
Found in limestone and
shale deposits, tight
oil isn't extracted from wells like conventional
oil, but is removed with hydraulic fracturing,
or «fracking» — a process that also releases methane, a potent greenhouse
gas.
BNP Paribas recently announced that it was restricting financing for
oil and
gas projects from
shale and /
or oil from tar sands as well as exploration and production projects in the Arctic.
Indeed, throughout the long
oil and
gas history of the Appalachian Mountains, where the world's first
oil well was drilled in 1859, drillers have known of «shows» of
gas from the
shale, brief blasts that would blow methane - charged water out of the hole,
or tangle the drilling lines.
Chevron and other giant energy companies are demanding a TTIP investment chapter that will allow them to sue governments if environmental
or other regulations interfere with their expected future profits by, for example, restricting
oil and
gas drilling, imposing pollution and
oil spill controls
or constraining the use of hydraulic fracking techniques to extract natural
gas and
oil from
shale formations.
Fracking,
or Fracing as the
oil and
gas industry ungrammatically spells it, is short for hydraulic fracturing, and the technology is now being used extensively to extract
shale gas, by pumping liquids at high pressure into the rock, creating and expanding fissures.
Consider that we may use the equivalent of 1/2 a barrel of natural
gas to process 1 barrel of
oil from
shale kerogen
or to crack
oil from tarry goo.
Fully implement his Executive Order 13514 requiring all resource management agencies to fully consider climate pollution, like they do other types of pollution, prior to leasing
or exporting onshore and offshore
oil,
gas, coal, and unconventional fuels sources such as
oil shale and tar sands.
The sandy water fractures the
shale, releasing the
gas or oil trapped inside.
Historically, fracturing in California has been used in vertical wells — not in combination with the horizontal drilling techniques that have wrested
oil from North Dakota's Bakken and natural
gas from the Barnett
shale of Texas
or Marcellus
shale in Pennsylvania.