Sentences with phrase «sheet grounding line»

Marine ice sheet instability occurs when sub-shelf melt rate is large enough to force the ice sheet grounding line to retreat into an area where the ice is grounded below sea level on an inward - sloping bedrock, then it can become unstable.

For cyrosphere, the team will examine the near - term risks of initiating the dynamic instability and onset of the collapse of the Antarctic Ice Sheet due to rapid melting by warming waters adjacent to the ice sheet grounding lines.

Not exact matches

Place butternut squash on a foil lined baking sheet and drizzle with olive oil, toss to coat and season with kosher salt and fresh ground pepper.

Line 2 large baking sheets with parchment paper on top of the piping guide, and set aside.In the bowl of a food processor, combine the ground almonds and powdered sugar, and pulse until completely combined and homogeneous.

Directions: Preheat oven to 450 degrees / In a large bowl or on the parchment - lined baking sheet, toss potatoes thoroughly with oil and dry ingredients, fresh ground pepper to taste / Bake for 15 minutes, then turn with a spatula and cook about 10 more minutes / Remove from oven / Add more salt if you like / Eat as is, or make a quick dip of equal parts mayo and sour cream, chipotle, cumin or curry powder to taste, a squeeze of lemon juice.

On a parchment paper - lined sheet tray, toss carrots with a tbsp of oil and freshly ground black pepper.

Once you're done grinding the groats and have your buckwheat flour ready, begin by pre-heating your oven to 350 degrees Fahrenheit (180 degrees Celsius), and lining a cookie sheet with parchment paper or a silpat.

ingredients PUFF PASTRY - WRAPPED ASPARAGUS WITH DIJON BEURRE - BLANC 1 large egg 1 tablespoon water 1 lemon (zested) 3/4 cup Parmigiano - Reggiano (finely grated) 5 sprigs fresh thyme (leaves only) 1 package puff pastry (thawed, 2 sheets) 1/4 cup flour (for dusting) 1 cup Gruyere (finely grated, divided) 30 spears asparagus (ends trimmed, cut into 2 - inch pieces on a bias) Flaky sea salt (to taste) Coarsely ground black pepper (to taste) DIJON BEURRE - BLANC: 1/4 cup dry white wine 3 tablespoons white wine vinegar 2 teaspoons Dijon mustard 1/2 shallot (peeled, finely minced) 1 stick unsalted butter (chilled, cut into cubes) Kosher salt and freshly ground black pepper (to taste) directions Preheat oven to 400º F. Line two baking sheets with parchment paper.

The hope is that the cables could reveal secrets about what's happening underneath the ice sheets, especially about melting at the so - called grounding line, the place where the bottom of an ice sheet meets the slightly warmer ocean.

Eventually, the floating ice shelf in front of the glaciers «broke up», which caused them to retreat onto land sloping downward from the grounding lines to the interior of the ice sheet.

Although CryoSat - 2 is designed to measure changes in the ice sheet elevation, these can be translated into horizontal motion at the grounding line using knowledge of the glacier and sea floor geometry and the Archimedes principle of buoyancy — which relates the thickness of floating ice to the height of its surface.

Research by the UK Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling (CPOM) at the University of Leeds has produced the first complete map of how the ice sheet's submarine edge, or «grounding line,» is shifting.

«If protective ice shelves were suddenly lost in the vast areas around the Antarctic margin where reverse - sloping bedrock (where the bed on which the ice sheet sits deepens toward the continental interior, rather than toward the ocean) is more than 1,000 meters deep, exposed grounding line ice cliffs would quickly succumb to structural failure as is happening in the few places where such conditions exist today,» the researchers point out.

Greischar, L.L., and C.R. Bentley, Isostatic equilibrium grounding line between the West Aantarctic Ice Sheet and the Ross Ice Shelf, Nature, Vol.

Grounding line recession here could be irreversible, leading to rapid glacier thinning and recession, and sea level rise — see Marine Ice Sheet Instability.

This feedback could potentially result in the rapid loss of parts of the ice sheet, as grounding lines retreat along troughs and basins that deepen towards the ice sheet's interior.

She has shown, in an ice sheet model with gravitationally self - consistent sea level, there is actually a sea level fall at the grounding line, which acts to stabilize against the marine ice sheet instability.

The ice sheet in this area is grounded up to 2000 m below sea level, making it intrinsically unstable6 and susceptible to rapid melting at its base, and to rapid migration of the grounding line up the ice stream7 (see Marine Ice Sheet Instabilsheet in this area is grounded up to 2000 m below sea level, making it intrinsically unstable6 and susceptible to rapid melting at its base, and to rapid migration of the grounding line up the ice stream7 (see Marine Ice Sheet InstabilSheet Instability).

The MISI is based on a number of studies that indicated the theoretical existence of the instability... The most fundamental derivation, that is, starting from a first - principle ice equation, states that in one - dimensional ice flow the grounding line between grounded ice sheet and floating ice shelf can not be stable on a landward sloping bed.

The rapid shrinkage of glaciers around the Antarctic Peninsula, coupled with the potential for ice - shelf collapse and grounding line retreat, raises concerns for the future of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, and this is an area of urgent current research [3].

On a parchment - lined baking sheet, toss the cauliflower with 1 tablespoon of olive oil, 1/2 teaspoon ground cumin and 1/2 teaspoon salt.

On a second parchment - lines sheet pan, toss the sweet potatoes with 1 tablespoon olive oil, 1/2 teaspoon ground cumin and 1/2 teaspoon salt.

In each work — a cut sheet from an artist's drawing pad mounted on its cardboard backing — he employs gestures with paint, graphite, line, or the shadow of the paper on its cardboard ground that resonate with his expanded notion of drawing.

At the heart of this exhibition are three new such series: a line of five pastels, treated like a kind of reverse sculpture, with fat sticks of chalky pigment ground back to dust and worked into thick pages of handmade paper; a sequence of 18 watercolours in which pairs of pigments are dissolved into each other, layer over layer, into veils of translucent light; and a series of ten tall, vertical sheets of waxed butcher's paper, carrying oil paint dissolved into skins of solid and liquid colour.

Richard Serra has described his sculptural practice as being grounded in drawing: Drawing as «cut» represents the division of a sheet by a line — and, in turn, of actual space by the edge of a steel plate.

The loss of ice shelves — Mercer proposed — would allow the ice sheet to thin, grounding lines to retreat and the ice sheet to disintegrate via calving.

The grounding line is where the bottom of the glacier comes in contact with the ground below the ice sheet, in this case the sea bottom.

We quantify sea - level commitment in the baseline case by building on Levermann et al. (10), who used physical simulations to model the SLR within a 2,000 - y envelope as the sum of the contributions of (i) ocean thermal expansion, based on six coupled climate models; (ii) mountain glacier and ice cap melting, based on surface mass balance and simplified ice dynamic models; (iii) Greenland ice sheet decay, based on a coupled regional climate model and ice sheet dynamic model; and (iv) Antarctic ice sheet decay, based on a continental - scale model parameterizing grounding line ice flux in relation to temperature.

Petermann Gletscher drains about 4 % of the Greenland ice sheet via a network of channels and streams that extend about 750 km landward from the grounding line (Bamber et al., 2013).

A study using Earth Remote Sensing satellite radar interferometry (EERS - 1 and -2) observations from 1992 through 2011 finds «a continuous and rapid retreat of the grounding lines of Pine Island, Thwaites, Haynes, Smith, and Kohler» Glaciers, and the authors conclude that «this sector of West Antarctica is undergoing a marine ice sheet instability that will significantly contribute to sea level rise in decades to centuries to come» (Rignot et al. 2014).

(Ice sheet mass balance (MB) is the difference between surface mass balance (SMB) and solid ice discharge across the grounding line (D).)

Although CryoSat - 2 is designed to measure changes in the ice sheet elevation, these can be translated into horizontal motion at the grounding line using knowledge of the glacier and sea floor geometry and the Archimedes principle of buoyancy — which relates the thickness of floating ice to the height of its surface.

Let's assume ice volume was lost to a depth of one kilometer (the depth of the «grounding line» where the ice - sheet meets the earth).

There, it can loosen the ice's grip at locations, called grounding lines, where ice frozen to underlying outcrops of rock has long anchored the ice sheet to the land, Minzoni said.

In addition, the study showed that ice loss rates have not only sped up at the grounding lines, but also more than 100 miles inland, compromising the entire ice sheet that the glacier helps hold back from the sea.

Although the study did not find a significant change in the elevation of the interior East Antarctic Ice Sheet, it shows for the first time that the thinning of the Totten glacier in that region extends to the point where the ice meets the land surface below, known as the grounding line.

For example, gravitational effects close to the grounding line can stabilize the ice sheet.

The decline of sea levels close to the grounding line of receding marine ice sheet has major effects on the ice sheets.

If the ice - sheet bed deepens toward the center of the ice sheet, an instability exists, such that in the absence of additional stabilizers, the grounding line will advance with ice - sheet growth, or retreat with ice - sheet shrinkage, to a position where the bed rises towards the ice - sheet center.

The shape of this slope means that when grounding lines start to retreat, ocean water can infiltrate between the ice and the bed and cause the ice sheet to float off its grounding line.

FIGURE 2.7 Schematic showing the grounding line for an ice sheet.

Most of the WAIS is grounded below sea level and has the potential to collapse if grounding - line retreat triggers a strong positive feedback whereby ocean water undercuts the ice sheet and triggers further separation from the bedrock (35 ⇓ — 37).

In understanding the behavior of ice sheets, attention is particularly focused on the boundary between the floating ice and grounded ice, which is usually called the grounding line, although in detail it is a zone with interesting but imperfectly understood properties (e.g., Schoof, 2007; Joughin et al., 2012a; Walker et al., 2013); see Figure 2.7.

A number of major ice sheets are considered to be at risk as grounding lines are moving shorewards.

Grounding line / zone - The junction between a glacier or ice sheet and ice shelf; the place where ice starts to float.

If the ice sheet thickens the grounding line will advance.

Ice sheets resting on retrograde beds are inherently unstable, because once the grounding lines reach the edge of the «bowl», they will eventually retreat all the way to the bottom of the «bowl» even if the ocean water intruding beneath the ice doesn't get any warmer.

The radar readings from both teams show that the grounding line for some areas of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet has retreated by as much as 20 miles (37 kilometers) over the past couple of decades, apparently due to the interaction with warmer seas.

The grounding lines, where the ice sheet detaches from the bedrock and floats on the ocean as an ice shelf, will retreat.

«The grounding line is buried under a thousand or more meters of ice, so it is incredibly challenging for a human observer on the ice sheet surface to figure out exactly where the transition is,» Rignot explained in a NASA news release.