And using offshore accounts or holding companys aren't particularly effective methods for
shielding income for tax purposes (since offshore accounts are subject to a whole whack of anti-avoidance rules and holding companys are typically subject to more or less the same tax rate as people in the top marginal tax bracket - the Tax Act has tightened up a lot since the 1960s so there really aren't that many «loopholes»).
Based on these numbers, the insanely rich aren't using that many loopholes to
shield income from
taxes, since all the data is based on reported
income for tax purposes.