Not exact matches
Scientists say reserves can help marine
ecosystems and people adapt to five key impacts of climate change:
ocean acidification; sea - level rise; increased intensity of storms;
shifts in species distribution, and decreased productivity and oxygen availability.
Changing temperatures and
ocean acidification, together with rising sea level and
shifts in ocean productivity, will keep marine
ecosystems in a state of continuous change for 100,000 years.
I think this paper, and a few others like it that have been published
in recent years, indicate that the response of differernt coccolithophore species to changing CO2 is species dependent and more studies will be required to determine how these responses from different species might cause a
shift in species abundances
in the
oceans and the
ecosystem as a whole.
For example, with some species of coccolithophores increasing
in abundance at the expense of others, the
ocean ecosystem might
shift towards species that carry more carbon away from the surface and into the
ocean interior, causing greater uptake of carbon into the
oceans (See Langer et al., 2007).
Other aspects of global warming's broad footprint on the world's
ecosystems include changes
in the abundance of more than 80 percent of the thousands of species included
in population studies; major poleward
shifts in living ranges as warm regions become hot, and cold regions become warmer; major increases (
in the south) and decreases (
in the north) of the abundance of plankton, which forms the critical base of the
ocean's food chain; the transformation of previously innocuous insect species like the Aspen leaf miner into pests that have damaged millions of acres of forest; and an increase
in the range and abundance of human pathogens like the cholera - causing bacteria Vibrio, the mosquito - borne dengue virus, and the ticks that carry Lyme disease - causing bacteria.
In the Arctic, the tipping points identified in the new report, published on Friday, include: growth in vegetation on tundra, which replaces reflective snow and ice with darker vegetation, thus absorbing more heat; higher releases of methane, a potent greenhouse gas, from the tundra as it warms; shifts in snow distribution that warm the ocean, resulting in altered climate patterns as far away as Asia, where the monsoon could be effected; and the collapse of some key Arctic fisheries, with knock - on effects on ocean ecosystems around the globe.&raqu
In the Arctic, the tipping points identified
in the new report, published on Friday, include: growth in vegetation on tundra, which replaces reflective snow and ice with darker vegetation, thus absorbing more heat; higher releases of methane, a potent greenhouse gas, from the tundra as it warms; shifts in snow distribution that warm the ocean, resulting in altered climate patterns as far away as Asia, where the monsoon could be effected; and the collapse of some key Arctic fisheries, with knock - on effects on ocean ecosystems around the globe.&raqu
in the new report, published on Friday, include: growth
in vegetation on tundra, which replaces reflective snow and ice with darker vegetation, thus absorbing more heat; higher releases of methane, a potent greenhouse gas, from the tundra as it warms; shifts in snow distribution that warm the ocean, resulting in altered climate patterns as far away as Asia, where the monsoon could be effected; and the collapse of some key Arctic fisheries, with knock - on effects on ocean ecosystems around the globe.&raqu
in vegetation on tundra, which replaces reflective snow and ice with darker vegetation, thus absorbing more heat; higher releases of methane, a potent greenhouse gas, from the tundra as it warms;
shifts in snow distribution that warm the ocean, resulting in altered climate patterns as far away as Asia, where the monsoon could be effected; and the collapse of some key Arctic fisheries, with knock - on effects on ocean ecosystems around the globe.&raqu
in snow distribution that warm the
ocean, resulting
in altered climate patterns as far away as Asia, where the monsoon could be effected; and the collapse of some key Arctic fisheries, with knock - on effects on ocean ecosystems around the globe.&raqu
in altered climate patterns as far away as Asia, where the monsoon could be effected; and the collapse of some key Arctic fisheries, with knock - on effects on
ocean ecosystems around the globe.»
«The authors write that «the El Niño - Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a naturally occurring fluctuation,» whereby «on a timescale of two to seven years, the eastern equatorial Pacific climate varies between anomalously cold (La Niña) and warm (El Niño) conditions,» and that «these swings
in temperature are accompanied by changes
in the structure of the subsurface
ocean, variability
in the strength of the equatorial easterly trade winds,
shifts in the position of atmospheric convection, and global teleconnection patterns associated with these changes that lead to variations
in rainfall and weather patterns
in many parts of the world,» which end up affecting «
ecosystems, agriculture, freshwater supplies, hurricanes and other severe weather events worldwide.»»
To say nothing of the warming trends also noticed
in, for example: *
ocean heat content * wasting glaciers * Greenland and West Antarctic ice sheet mass loss * sea level rise due to all of the above * sea surface temperatures * borehole temperatures * troposphere warming (with stratosphere cooling) * Arctic sea ice reductions
in volume and extent * permafrost thawing *
ecosystem shifts involving plants, animals and insects
Shifts in the structure of
ocean ecosystems can influence the rate of CO2 uptake by the
ocean (Bopp et al., 2005).
Elucidating such patterns from this and other
ocean margin regions,
in particular their relationships with oceanographic and climatic variations and
shifts in primary production, will be an essential part of the critical task of predicting future trends
in both
ecosystem biochemistry and trophic dynamics.