Sentences with phrase «short electron pulses»

Short electron pulses are, however, difficult to generate, because electrons carry a charge and move more slowly than the speed of light.

Electron microscopy and electron diffraction can provide the spatial resolution to image atoms, but filming atomic motions requires ultrashort shutter speeds — the shorter the electron pulses, the sharper the images from the microcosmos.

Not exact matches

Impact of pre-plasma on fast electron generation and transport from short pulse, high intensity lasers

Ideally, the electron gains so much energy in the laser field that upon impact with the atom, a much shorter flash of light with very high energy is emitted — an attosecond laser pulse, with a frequency in the ultraviolet - or x-ray regime.

Recording the energy of the electrons that passed through the pulse generates a crisp side - profile of the short laser beam, not unlike a sporting photo - finish image (see right).

The shorter the pulse duration, the faster the electron oscillation can be observed.

Dr. Hiroki Mashiko, a NTT scientist of the team, said, «We contrived the robust pump - probe system with an extremely short isolated attosecond pulse, which led to the observation of the fastest electron oscillation in solid - state material in recorded history.

The high voltage is delivered only in very short bursts, using just enough energy to accelerate the tiny electrons without heating up the heavy gas particles pulses; thus, plasma is generated.

The extremely brief electron pulses ensure that the image remains sharp, much like a short - exposure photograph of a speeding object.

This pulse also has to be short to catch the direction of electron motion and have enough photon energy to knock the excited electrons out of the molecule.

However, generating short pulses is much more difficult to do with electrons than with light.

In the experiments, electrons are set in motion by a very strong electric field which is provided for the very short time interval of 50 fs (1 fs = 10 - 15 s) by a strong optical pulse interacting with the LiH material.

Pulse duration of 45 femtoseconds for monochromatized harmonics is 300 times shorter than the typical pulse duration of synchrotron radiation (15 picoseconds) and is comparable to the pulse length of a free - electron laser (Pulse duration of 45 femtoseconds for monochromatized harmonics is 300 times shorter than the typical pulse duration of synchrotron radiation (15 picoseconds) and is comparable to the pulse length of a free - electron laser (pulse duration of synchrotron radiation (15 picoseconds) and is comparable to the pulse length of a free - electron laser (pulse length of a free - electron laser (FEL).

Researchers use a similar trick to study atomic electrons — by pinging atoms with exceedingly short light pulses, they can watch electrons» quantum states evolve in unprecedented detail.

In order to observe the ultrafast electron motion in the inner shells of atoms with short light pulses, the pulses must not only be ultrashort, but very bright, and the photons delivered must have sufficiently high energy.

Electrons within a target atom are first excited by a photon contained within the pump pulse, which is then followed after a short delay by a second photon in a probe pulse.

The sharp acceleration turns the traveling electron wave into a plane wave, like a nice regular pulse of an electron beam with an extremely short wavelength — exactly the kind of beam useful for imaging.

Under the effect of powerful and very short laser pulses, the molecule's electron shell configuration changed: a «hole» appeared — a shell vacancy which then began to oscillate moving from one end of the molecule to the other.

Varga's research focuses on the interaction of lasers and matter at the atomic scale and is part of the new field of attosecond science — an attosecond is a billion billionths of a second — that is allowing scientists to study extremely short - lived phenomena such as the making and breaking of chemical bonds and tracking the real - time motion of electrons within semiconductors by probing them with attosecond pulses of laser light.

The Nitrogen - Vacancy defect (NV centre) in diamonds and diamond nanocrystals (nanodiamonds) provides a unique alternative for DNP as the NV centre electron spin can be optically polarized to over 90 % polarization at room temperature by short laser pulses.

These opportunities include the use of short - pulsed X-ray sources for extracting time - dependent structural information from proteins; and the revolutionary new possibilities created by X-ray Free Electron Lasers, which combine ultrafast X-ray pulses with high brilliance focussing capabilities to create an entirely new regime of pre-damage time - resolved serial femtosecond crystallography on unprecedented time - scales.