Bulk operations look more like a chemical plant with stainless steel plumbing and a relatively
short residence time in the winery.
These analyses indicate that it is likely that greenhouse gases alone would have caused more than the observed warming over the last 50 years of the 20th century, with some warming offset by cooling from natural and other anthropogenic factors, notably aerosols, which have a
very short residence time in the atmosphere relative to that of well - mixed greenhouse gases (Schwartz, 1993).
The partial vacuum and
short residence time within the Vaction ™ unit prevents the exposure of ingredients to excess temperatures, in turn, preventing contact with the kettle's surface which can burn and affect the finished product's flavour and visual quality.
Given how long CO2 and many other greenhouse gases (but not water vapor, which has a very
short residence time in the atmosphere) remain in the atmosphere, there is a large body of evidence that these gases do have the ability to affect climate.
The low pressure vapour phase coupled with
the short residence times mean the ingredients do not see excess temperatures whilst processing.
Nevertheless, in this research two limitations were observed in the use of orally administered bacteriophages: the reduced stability of the phages in extremely acid environments, such as the stomach, and
short residence time in the intestinal tract.
Oxidized and particulate mercury are deposited close to their source - that is, they have
a short residence time in the atmosphere.
There's more on the carbon cycle from the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory, NASA's Earth Observatory and a Skeptical Science post by Doug Mackie addressing claims that «CO2 has
a short residence time.»
These changes combined with
the shorter residence time for methane in the atmosphere mean that the lag is much less (a few years or so).
As Tom Dayton suggests, if the question is whether CO2 has
a short residence time, that should be discussed in the thread CO2 has a short residence time.
But with the build - up to war economic output reflective aerosols would have been at a higher level — with greenhouse gases having gone stagnant for a good part of the previous decade and with methane having been hit even harder due to
its short residence time.
And because methane has
a short residence time, a reduction in emissions will lead fairly rapidly to a reduction in concentrations.
Since methane has a much
shorter residence time in the atmosphere than carbon dioxide, but has a greater warming potential over that time, the use of a 20 - year time frame makes methane seem more serious than if a timeframe of 100 years or longer is used.
If
a shorter residence time was assumed, the IPCC climate models would not be able to predict the accelerated warming that is hypothesized to be caused by human CO2 emissions.»