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Not exact matches
Similarly,
training using a partial range
of motion (which is similar to using isometrics at
short muscle
lengths) increases strength around the joint angle corresponding to the peak contraction.
Isometric
training at long muscle
lengths improves strength at that joint range
of motion, and also (albeit slightly less) at
shorter muscle
lengths.
And, although it is not well - known,
training using partial ranges
of motion actually moves the angle
of peak torque to
shorter muscle
lengths (McMahon et al. 2014).
The reason for the difference between the changes in joint angle - specific strength and the changes in joint angle - specific neural drive is that both peripheral and central factors are operating, and the impact
of joint angle - specific neural drive is greater after
training at
short muscle
lengths, while the impact
of peripheral factors (like regional muscle size and / or muscle fascicle
length) are greater after
training at long muscle
lengths.
And this explains why the patterns
of joint angle - specific strength gains differ between isometric
training with either long or
short muscle
lengths: they are caused by different adaptations.
Factors that shift the angle
of peak torque to
shorter muscle
lengths after normal strength
training include increases in neural drive at
short muscle
lengths, decreases in normalized fiber
length, specific gains in regional muscle size, and increases in tendon stiffness.
Similarly, isometric
training at
short muscle
lengths improves strength at that joint range
of motion, and only improves strength very slightly (if at all) at longer muscle
lengths.
Overall, there is a slightly different pattern
of joint angle - specific strength gains after isometric
training with either
short or long muscle
lengths.
Isometric
training is the easiest way to assess the effects
of training at either long or
short muscle
lengths (Alegre et al. 2014; Noorkõiv et al. 2015).
Even so, McMahon et al. (2013) did find that full range
of motion
training produced similar increases in EMG amplitude at all joint angles, while partial range
of motion
training left EMG amplitude unchanged
short muscle
lengths, and reduced EMG amplitude at longer other muscle
lengths.
Since these results are not unusual, there is clearly a different type
of joint angle - specific strength gains after isometric
training with
short muscle
lengths, compared to after isometric
training with long muscle
lengths.
It is interesting that the non-significant EMG amplitude changes after isotonic
training follow a U-shaped curve, but only contribute to greater torque increases than the middle range
of motion at
short muscle
lengths (30 degrees).
The easiest way to understand how these factors drive the differences in adaptations between full range
of motion
training and partial range
of motion
training, is to look at isometric
training at either
short or long muscle
lengths.
Comparing the effects
of eccentric
training at long and
short muscle
lengths, Guex et al. (2016) found that muscle fascicle
length increased in both groups, but the increase was greater in the group that
trained at long muscle
lengths than in the group that
trained at
short muscle
lengths (9.3 % vs. 4.9 %).
Comparing conventional free weight, dynamic
training at long and
short muscle
lengths, McMahon et al. (2014) used a range
of exercises in which the subjects performed either full or partial ranges
of motion.
And
training predominantly at a
short muscle
length is probably the main reason why partial range
of motion exercises tend to produce such different results from full range
of motion exercises.
Biomechanically, isometric
training with
short muscle
lengths is actually more similar than you might realize to partial range
of motion
training with constant - load, free weight exercises, like the barbell back squat.
Partial and full range
of motion
training are not as different as you might think from isometric
training at
short and long muscle
lengths.
It is possible that the different regional hypertrophy observed after
training at long or
short muscle
lengths could in fact be closely related to the changes in muscle fascicle
length, because changes in muscle fascicle
length have been linked to greater increases in muscle size in the distal regions
of the muscle (Franchi et al. 2014).
Since strength is specific, then: strength
training of the hamstrings at long muscle
lengths, and the quadriceps and gluteus maximus at
short muscle
lengths, should lead to superior gains in sprinting performance than strength
training at other joint angles.
Whether the increase in neural drive at
short muscle
lengths can transfer from heavy strength
training to a fast movement like sprinting is less clear, because
of the very velocity - specific (and duration - specific) nature
of muscle activation in response to different types
of training (Tillin et al. 2012b; 2014).
Since increases in neural drive at
short muscle
lengths are likely driven by reductions in motor unit recruitment threshold (Pasquet et al. 2005), while increases in neural drive at faster velocities and during concentric contractions are primarily caused by increased rate coding (Pasquet et al. 2006; Harwood et al. 2011; Enoka & Duchateau, 2017), the transfer
of neural drive from partial exercises using
short muscle
lengths could be lower than we might expect, although this would probably depend on whether the strength
training exercise was performed with a lighter load, and explosively.
Dynamic strength
training through either a (1) full or a (2) partial range
of motion (ROM) are similar to isometric strength
training at either (1) long or (2)
short muscle
lengths, because the muscle is only really challenged at the point
of peak contraction, and this is at the start
of the concentric phase in most common exercises.
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Teachers whose preparation programs focused on the work
of the classroom, provided a supervised clinical experience, and gave them the opportunity to engage in the practices
of teaching were able to drive greater learning gains for their students once in the classroom than those who did not receive the same kind
of clinically oriented preservice
training.56 Prospective teachers who had a longer clinical experience reported greater confidence in their teaching abilities and were more likely to say that the
length of time they spent as a student teacher was adequate, compared with their peers who had
shorter clinical experiences.57
The professional writers associated with us are highly
trained to guide the college students through the
length and breadth
of writing an MFRD or business decision - making assignment in just a
short span
of time.
This
length of time should be minimized, for example by scheduling more frequent,
shorter periods when these procedures are completed (four hours
of surgery every other day versus six hours twice a week, for example),
training additional staff to perform the procedure to the extent possible (e.g.
training kennel attendants, field officers and / or front office staff to perform behavior evaluations), and / or making the animal available for adoption prior to completing the procedure (e.g. allowing animals to be selected for adoption prior to surgery, which is then completed before the animal is released).
Given that it's supposed to provide the same
training, it does primarily focus on teaching the skills required for the making
of short films, but my guess (having not taken the course myself) is that their are probably some skills that could be applied to making longer, or feature -
length films.