Several recent studies (Accardo et al. 2012; Hansen et al. 2011, 2014) have found that youth with comorbid ADHD and internalizing problems (i.e., anxiety, depression) have more sleep problems than youth with ADHD alone, including greater daytime sleepiness in addition to
shorter sleep duration and more frequent night awakenings.
In terms of studies regarding behavioral problems, one extensive meta - analysis of the relationship between sleep deprivation and cognition in school - aged children found a significant increase in behavioral problems in children with
shorter sleep duration.25) Additionally, sleep deprivation resulted in a significant increment in alertness and emotional reactivity in children, which led to delinquency, long - term emotional and behavioral difficulties.26 — 28) Consistent with such findings, sleep deprived subjects were more alert to negative stimuli, 29) and more susceptible to exaggerated aggressive impulses.30) Emotional lability and impulsivity were all strongly correlated with sleep deprivation, 31) with the severity of emotional dysregulation worsening as a function of the degree of sleep restriction.32)
But given evidence to date that links
shorter sleep duration with obesity (mentioned above), attention problems, emotional problems, and impaired academic performance (Vriend et al 2013; Li et al 2013), I think we should be concerned.
The Quebec Family Study suggested an increased risk of 27 % with
shorter sleep duration.
A recent 2015 study of older men also found that lower vitamin D levels were associated with
shorter sleep duration and more time spent awake after initially falling asleep.
It was discovered that
the shorter sleep duration twin had a suppressed immune system in comparison to her or his sibling.
The paper, «
Shorter sleep duration and longer sleep onset latency are related to difficulty disengaging attention from negative emotional images in individuals with elevated transdiagnostic repetitive negative thinking» was published in ScienceDirect.
The researchers found that reports of
shorter sleep duration and poorer sleep quality were associated with a greater β - Amyloid burden, a hallmark of the disease.
Reports of
shorter sleep duration and lower sleep quality were both associated with greater Αβ buildup.
Short sleep duration and irregular bedtime are associated with increased behavioral problems among Japanese preschool - age children.
Poor sleep quality and
short sleep durations can lead to weight gain and obesity, especially in adolescents and young adults.
Another study of 4,175 individuals between 11 and 17 years of age is the first to document reciprocal effects for major depression and
short sleep duration among adolescents using prospective data.
Persistent insomnia: the role of objective
short sleep duration and mental health.
In his own 2007 research, Gangwisch found that
short sleep duration is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes.
This research only established a correlation between the two (and not a cause - and - effect), so the study authors say they can't be sure whether inflammation triggers long and
short sleep duration or whether sleep duration triggers inflammation.
«The interaction of late timing and
short sleep duration may lead to weight gain,» she says.
There is however little existing data showing the effects of chronic
short sleep duration under natural conditions.
«
Short Sleep Duration Is Associated with Reduced Leptin, Elevated Ghrelin, and Increased Body Mass Index».
There is a strong correlation between
short sleep duration and future weight [7][8].
Short sleepers function normally during the day despite
their short sleep duration.
Population studies have consistently shown a relationship between
short sleep duration and excess weight, generally with less than 7 hours the cutoff.
A meta - analysis of 696 studies published in 2008 showed that
short sleep duration increased the risk of obesity by 55 % in adults and 89 % in children.
The Quebec Family study also found that
short sleep duration was associated with higher body weight, decreased leptin and increased ghrelin.
Short sleep duration increases energy intakes but does not change energy expenditure in normal - weight individuals
If this is the case, then diet - based recommendations may be warranted for those who suffer from sleep disorders, including insomnia,
short sleep duration, and poor overall sleep quality.
Although participants who reported
a short sleep duration of less than six hours were 14 percent more likely to have metabolic syndrome in the initial analysis, this association disappeared after controlling for potential confounders.
These characteristics were not significantly associated with
short sleep duration.
First, we hypothesize that adolescents with poor sleep quality or
short sleep duration will be at increased odds of prehypertension.
Approximately two thirds (68.0 %) of adolescents with
short sleep duration also had low sleep efficiency, whereas 27.9 % of adolescents with low sleep efficiency also had
short sleep duration.
Even though the research didn't show a direct link between
short sleep duration and inflammation, Wilson adds, «this study lifts the veil on another piece of why sleep is still important.»
Based on paternal ratings,
short sleep duration was associated with more rule - breaking and externalizing symptoms.
Children with
short sleep duration had an increased risk for behavioral problems, thought problems, and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition - based attention - deficit hyperactivity problems according to maternal ratings.
The effect of
short sleep duration on coronary heart disease risk is greatest among those with sleep disturbance: a prospective study from the Whitehall II cohort
For example, Moreau et al. (2014) found that youth with comorbid ADHD and anxiety had the longest sleep onset delay,
shortest sleep duration, and greatest daytime sleepiness in comparison to typically developing youth or youth with ADHD alone.
Not exact matches
Other life - threatening medical conditions may cause people to
sleep longer or
shorter than average, resulting in a correlation between long
sleep duration and mortality.
Laboratory studies reveal that the average
duration of infant and maternal awakenings in the cosleeping environment are
shorter on average than the awakenings mothers and babies experience when baby awakens in another room, and requires intervention before going back to
sleep (see Mosko et al 1997).
Babies arouse more frequently, but for
shorter average
durations than if the baby
slept apart - and spend less time in deeper stages of
sleep which may not be beneficial for babies with arousal deficiencies - as also shown in recently published refereed articles.
CIO can be done with love and respect, can actually REDUCE crying
durations in infants from all day long from fatigue to a few
short minutes before
sleeping, and can actually be a way that caring parents can be shown to be responding to their child who needs to
sleep and will not do so properly while being rocked, fed, or constantly handled.
The relatively
short duration that a child retains a pacifier in the mouth during
sleep: implications for sudden infant death syndrome
«We were surprised that the heritability of depressive symptoms in twins with very
short sleep was nearly twice the heritability in twins sleeping normal amounts of time,» said principal investigator Dr. Nathaniel Watson, associate professor of neurology and co-director of the University of Washington Medicine Sleep Center in Seattle, Wash. «Both short and excessively long sleep durations appear to activate genes related to depressive symptoms,» added Watson, who also serves on the board of directors of the American Academy of Sleep Medi
sleep was nearly twice the heritability in twins
sleeping normal amounts of time,» said principal investigator Dr. Nathaniel Watson, associate professor of neurology and co-director of the University of Washington Medicine
Sleep Center in Seattle, Wash. «Both short and excessively long sleep durations appear to activate genes related to depressive symptoms,» added Watson, who also serves on the board of directors of the American Academy of Sleep Medi
Sleep Center in Seattle, Wash. «Both
short and excessively long
sleep durations appear to activate genes related to depressive symptoms,» added Watson, who also serves on the board of directors of the American Academy of Sleep Medi
sleep durations appear to activate genes related to depressive symptoms,» added Watson, who also serves on the board of directors of the American Academy of
Sleep Medi
Sleep Medicine.
«Until now, whether
sleep at such extreme long or
short duration could exist in natural populations was unknown.»
The study also showed that the number of Google searches on the topic «
sleep» has more than doubled and scientific publications on «
short sleep» and its consequences has grown more than 10 fold from 2003 to 2016, and was highly correlated with the observed increase in
sleep duration.
«Optimal
sleep duration should be promoted, as very long and very
short sleep indicate health problems and subsequent sickness absence,» said principal investigator Tea Lallukka, PhD, specialized researcher at the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health.
Also, while in lizards slow - wave and REM -
sleep have roughly equal
durations during each cycle, REM is much
shorter then slow - wave
sleep in mammals, and both
short and irregular in birds.
Graph showing
sleep duration (in minutes) of wild fruit flies — long sleepers, normal sleepers, and
short sleepers — artificially bred across 13 generations.
In turn,
sleep loss,
short -
sleep duration, and impaired quality of
sleep correlated with obesity and even more strongly with IGM related to insulin resistance (113).
We can only speculate about why those with
shorter average
sleep duration were more likely to develop calcification of the coronary arteries.»
Among the 790 couples the researchers followed, «we found both
short and long
sleep duration — less than 6 hours or 9 or more per night — were associated with a reduced probability of pregnancy,» Wise said.
Women with longer average
sleep duration said they had better genital arousal than women with
shorter sleep time.
Both
short and excessively long
sleep durations seem to activate genes related to symptoms of depression.