As described above, the inferior fibers of the latissimus dorsi muscle display a peak moment arm length at 71 degrees of
shoulder abduction of -38.1 mm and a minimum moment arm length at 10 degrees of -3.3 mm.
Not exact matches
Delayed glenohumeral
abduction and early external rotation (hand - under - ball position; Figure 2B) may lead to the arm's being «late» in the pitching motion... The pain group had greater internal
shoulder rotation at the initiation
of external rotation in the stride.
They
should stop the spate
of abductions of innocent citizens by a terrorist as well as killings by Fulani herdsmen across the country while mounting adequate security for citizens
of the country».
Amnesty International (AI) has said the
abduction of Chibok school girls four years ago
should have served as a wake - up call to the Nigerian government on...
Perhaps we
should ask the PDP what indeed the party knows about the
abduction of the Dapchi girls, going by its statement that their
abduction and release were stage - managed.
No Nigerian
should be put through the brutality
of abduction, violence in whatever form or forced marriage.
But it
should not end there, just like the Martyrs day lectures have been instituted by the Ghana Bar Association to commemorate the
abduction and murder
of the Judges in the 1980s, a similar thing must be done.
This first prototype focuses on two movements: the adduction and
abduction of the
shoulder (raise and lower the arms forming a «T» with the body).
There's another test you can do to assess the status
of the supraspinatus, one
of the four small rotator cuff muscles which runs along the top
of the
shoulder blade and inserts via the tendon at the top
of the arm or humerus bone, and is involved in
shoulder abduction.
-- The arms are raised with a
shoulder abduction (Lateral movement away from the midline
of the body) instead
of rotation.
For example, the side delts are involved in
abduction of the
shoulders i.e. in side raising
of your arms.
Abduction — Movement
of a limb away from the middle
of the body, such as bringing the arm to
shoulder - height from a hanging - down position.
Moseley et al. (1992) explored several
shoulder isolation exercises and found high muscle activity during the prone reverse fly also with and without external rotation (63 vs. 56 %
of MVC), but also reported high muscle activity during standing
abduction above 120 degrees (68 %
of MVC) and prone rowing (67 %
of MVC).
There, it appears the upper trapezius muscle it highly active during elevation
of the
shoulder, and retraction to the scapula including rowing and horizontal
abduction.
They report that the lower trapezius displayed its maximum muscle activity during the prone reverse fly at 135 degrees
of shoulder abduction with external rotation (97 %
of MVC), followed by the prone reverse fly (79 %
of MVC).
They work together to tilt the scapula to a position that makes the glenoid cavity point superiorly, enabling the last degrees
of abduction of the
shoulder.
Abduction — Movement
of a limb away from middle
of body, such as bringing arm to
shoulder height.
With this in mind, research has found that starting a
shoulder shrug in 30
of glenohumeral
abduction (i.e., arms slightly out to the sides), which is a component
of slight scapula upward rotation, generated greater upper trapezius muscle activity in comparison with the shrug with the arms at the side (1).
It is the strongest
of the three heads and is aided by the supraspinatus in
abduction and limited by the tightening
of the lower
shoulder capsule.
Supraspinatus assists in
abduction of the
shoulder (especially below 30 degrees
of abduction) and it acts as a
shoulder stabilizer.
They can be done for a range
of different
shoulder movmements to strengthen the muscles around the entire joint including adduction,
abduction, flexion, extension and rotation.
Here are the key details: Population = 1,755 institutionalised and community - dwelling Spanish people (985 females and 770 males), aged > 65 years Intervention = four different measurements
of strength (grip,
shoulder abduction, hip flexion and knee extension) using a hand dynamometer, compiled into a composite measure Comparisons = four quartiles
of strength (high, medium - high, medium - low, and low) Outcome = risk ratios for mortality and hospitalisation To combine the four measurements
of strength into one composite measure, the researchers used the following calculation.
Before benching, we
should be activating the upper back by moving through the horizontal
abduction and adduction planes
of motion, and there's nothing better to do it than the band pull - apart.
They reported no difference in the
shoulder abduction angle at the point
of minimal velocity
of approximately 65 degrees.
Shoulder abduction involves lifting the arms out to shoulder height at the sides of the body, as shown in the pictur
Shoulder abduction involves lifting the arms out to
shoulder height at the sides of the body, as shown in the pictur
shoulder height at the sides
of the body, as shown in the picture below.
There seem to be significant differences between the two heads
of the pectoralis major insofar as they perform
shoulder adduction or
abduction.
This is likely due to the vertical displacement
of the bar at the start
of the sticking point and resulting
shoulder abduction and elbow flexion angles, and therefore, the sticking region
of unsuccessful attempts starts earlier in the ascending phase compared with successful lifts.
Nevertheless, both parts
of the sternocostal head display similar moment arm length to joint range
of motion curves that appear as a bell - curve shape that peaks near the middle
of shoulder abduction range
of motion.
Assessing the effect
of bench press technique, Jagessar (thesis) found no difference in pectoralis major muscle activity between an «elbows out» (90 degree
abduction) and a «tucked powerlifting - style elbows» (70 degrees
abduction)
shoulder position.
The moment arm length increases gradually from 90 degrees (arms out to the sides) to approximately 40 degrees
of shoulder abduction, where it remains high until 0 degrees (arms close to the sides
of the body).
Using a wide or narrow grip width causes differences in the
shoulder abduction angle, which are probably what leads to the stress being placed on different parts
of the pectoralis major muscle.
So the clavicular head
of the pectoralis major seems only to assist in
shoulder abduction and then mainly only above 40 degrees, peaking at 120 degrees (arms above the head), as is shown in the following chart below.
Ackland et al. (2008) showed that the pectoralis major (clavicular head) displayed a peak moment arm length at 120 degrees
of shoulder abduction (length = +11.2 mm), and a minimum moment arm length at 2.5 degrees
of shoulder abduction (length = -3.0 mm).
Grip width affects the
shoulder angle during the sticking region in the bench press, where
shoulder abduction angle is more acute and flexion angle is greater at the start
of the sticking region using a narrow grip compared to medium and wide grip widths.
Further investigation by Ackland et al. (2008) showed specifically that the superior and inferior sternocostal head produce large moment arms throughout full
shoulder abduction range
of motion that is highest around the mid-range but is high throughout the whole
shoulder abduction range
of motion between 0 (arms by the sides) to 120 degrees (arms above the head).
From a base
of 1,000 elderly men and women, Bassey et al. (1989) showed that
shoulder abduction decreased gradually and consistently with age and was about 25 % less in these elderly subjects compared with norms for a younger population.
Flexibility
of the
shoulder joint measured as range
of abduction in a large representative sample
of men and women over 65 years
of age.
Ackland et al. (2008) reported the anterior and middle deltoid display similarly large peak
shoulder abduction moment arm lengths (anterior = 30.2 mm; middle = 29.1 mm), while the posterior deltoid displayed a peak
shoulder adduction moment arm length
of -15.9 mm.
There is limited information available about the moment arm lengths
of the deltoids for performing
shoulder horizontal
abduction and adduction.
They reported that the moment arm length linearly increases between 120 degrees and between 80 — 60 degrees, where a shorter plateau is displayed, before a linear decrease in moment arm length as the
shoulder moves towards 0 degrees
of shoulder abduction.
They reported that the moment arm length is unchanged between 90 — 55 degrees
of shoulder abduction, displaying a moment arm length
of approximately -38.0 to -40.0 mm.
The moment arm length increases between 0 degrees and 70 degrees
of shoulder abduction.
They report that the highest muscle activity was displayed in the frontal plane at 60 degrees
of shoulder abduction (90.5 %), while overall muscle activity tended to be greater at all planes
of motion at 60 degrees.
They report that the moment arm length changed between 100 and 40 degrees
of shoulder abduction from approximately -30.0 to -43.0 mm.
As an unapologetic actioner, it
should be expected that
Abduction possesses some
of the clunky dialogue clichés associated with the genre.
But potential audiences shouldn't let that keep them from journeying through the complicated morality maze that is this story
of abduction, vigilantism and...
No child
should have to suffer the nightmare
of sexual exploitation or
abduction.
Following the
abduction of a British national in the Aceh region
of Northern Sumatra in June 2013, you
should take extra care in the area.
Determining the child's habitual residence is a threshold issue in any Hague
Abduction Convention case, and if the court determines that the country from which the child was removed was not his or her place
of habitual residence, the Convention will not apply and the petition
should be dismissed.
In the debate about whether Japan
should sign the Hague
abduction convention, a serious consequence
of Japan's failure to ratify the treaty is being overlooked.