Sentences with phrase «show model estimates»

Their results, published this week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, show the model estimates came within 15 percent — or less — of Salt Lake's actual CO2 emissions.

This map, based on previous research, shows a model estimate of the average number of deaths per 1,000 square kilometers (386 square miles) per year due to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), a type of outdoor air pollution.

Not exact matches

Index Portfolio 50 is shown at the fulcrum of the teeter - totter, and the period - specific expected return can be estimated based on 50 or 86 years of simulated historical returns, the Fama / French Five - Factor Model, or any reasonable method an investor chooses.

Likewise, recent estimates by the Tax Policy Center and the Penn Wharton Budget Model show that dynamic effects would marginally reduce the revenue loss in the first decade but significantly increase it over the long run because of the economic consequences of higher debt.

The pooled estimate based on a fixed - effects model is shown by a dashed vertical line and ⋄ (95 % CI).

The following table shows my model based forecast, a 95 % probability prediction range, and the Colin Rallings and Michael Thrasher estimates from their analysis of local by - elections.

The final results from the Ashcroft Model shows an increase in the estimated Conservative majority compared to Tuesday's figures.

Using that as a guide, along with estimates of necessary runoff rates and the duration of valley network formation from other studies, Palumbo showed that model runs in which the Martian orbit was highly eccentric did indeed meet these criteria.

In a recent study, for instance, well - respected climate models were shown to have completely opposing estimates for the overall effect of the clouds and smoke in the southeast Atlantic: Some found net warming, whereas others found cooling.

ETH researchers have now shown that the high estimated mutation rates at the start of the epidemic were due to the limited number of virus samples at the time in combination with the computer models used, which calculate the estimates using genetic data from virus samples and from underlying assumptions.

The new estimates, which are based on an integrated modeling framework that combines information about population, economics, and land use and land productivity, show that Europe could potentially reduce greenhouse gas emissions from land use by more than 60 % by 2050.

The CDC model shows this need for speed very clearly: For every 30 extra days it takes to get 70 % of patients into treatment, the researchers estimate that the number of daily cases occurring at the peak of the epidemic will triple.

Early tests of the model showed that it was able to estimate pain levels with about 80 % degree of accuracy, which means that the system is learning.

«Our results show that the uncertainty estimates of greenhouse gas inventories depend on the calculation method and on how the input data for the model, such as weather and litterfall data, have been averaged,» says Aleksi Lehtonen, researcher at the Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke).

When the CLIMAP data proved to be wrong, and was replaced by more reliable estimates showing a substantial tropical surface temperature drop, Lindzen had to abandon his then - current model and move on to other forms of mischief (first the «cumulus drying» negative water vapor feedback mechanism, since abandoned, and now the «Iris» effect cloud feedback mechanism).

Also shown are the 5 to 95 % approximate ranges for two estimates from the LGM (dashed, Annan et al., 2005; solid, Schneider von Deimling et al., 2006) which are based on models with different structural properties.

Supplementary figure M shows examples of individual studies of coronary heart disease or stroke, plotting the observed (reported) relative risks with the ones we estimated using the log - linear model; the fit was generally good.

Jackknife estimation of abundance using the heterogeneity models [25] showed that the estimated mean adult population ranged from 12 (95 % CI = 11 — 19) to 14 (95 % CI = 14 — 21) during the four years (Table 1).

One nice thing that added was an application of their methodology to three CMIP3 GCM results, showing that their estimates 3.1, 3.6 and 3.3 ºC were reasonably close to the true model sensitivities of 2.7, 3.4 and 4.1 ºC.

The grey shading shows the estimated 5 — 95 % range for internal variability based on the CMIP3 climate models.

A number of prediction models have been calculated to estimate bench press 1RM with varying degrees of reliability, although many models have been devised that appear to show extremely close associations with bench press 1RM.

Finally, we report the results of models with and without adjusting for differences in parental income to show to what extent the estimated relationships between each of the factors and educational attainment might reflect associated differences in income.

Figure 2 shows results from estimating a linear probability model predicting the probability that a child in the school - aged (5 - 17) subpopulation of the NSCH currently has an IEP.

The statistical significance of these adjusted differences as shown in Figures 2 and 3 are estimated by models that take into account the entire distribution of responses (e.g., very satisfied, somewhat satisfied, somewhat dissatisfied, or very dissatisfied).

He uses a simple model of an administrator tasked with identifying high - quality teachers to show that empirical Bayes estimators, the most popular method to estimate teacher effectiveness for use in incentive (typically bonus) schemes, do not necessarily make the best use of available information as they are typically implemented.

In particular, while it can not definitively identify the right model to determine TPP effects, it does show how different models change the estimates of these effects and the estimated confidence in them.

Briggs and Domingue found strong evidence of these illogical results when using the L.A. Times model, especially for reading outcomes: «Because our sensitivity test did show this sort of backwards prediction, we can conclude that estimates of teacher effectiveness in LAUSD are a biased proxy for teacher quality.»

The first models of Hyperloop show capsule interiors that resemble train cabins, with traditional seats and storage compartments; the estimated cost of a Hyperloop ride would be as low as $ 20.

The best estimates from the new analyses, based on the combined set of vehicles (1997 - 2004 models), show somewhat smaller benefits of head - protecting side airbags and larger benefits of torso airbags, compared with the earlier study.

It started in mid-May when GM announced a stop - sale of unsold 2016 GMC Acadia, Buick Enclave, and Chevrolet Traverse models due to «mislabeled» Monroney stickers showing the wrong city and highway fuel economy estimates from the Environmental Protection Agency.

The all - new 2019 Volkswagen Jetta, unveiled in January at the North American International Auto Show (NAIAS) in Detroit (earlier post) will offer improved EPA - estimated fuel economy for the model: 30 mpg city (7.8 L / 100 km) and 40 mpg (5.88 L / 100 km) highway, for a combined 34 mpg (6.91 L / 100 km), two mpg higher on the combined measure than the automatic transmission version of the current generation Jetta.

I ran a few discounted free cash flow models that I wasn't too confident in but they mostly showed me intrinsic value estimates from between $ 25 and $ 55.

The expense ratio for underlying holdings was estimated using a weighted average of the ratios for the ETF's utilized in the SoFi Wealth model portfolios as of the date shown above.

The table shows estimated future returns based on an aggregation of several factor models over some important investment horizons:

Among the works that did well were Lot 140, «Model for T.W.U.,» a maquette for a larger work that was installed on West Broadway in SoHo in 1981 - 2 by Richard Serra (b. 1939), which sold for $ 123,500, more than twice its high estimate; Lot 181, an untitled 1984 work by Keith Haring (1958 - 1990) that sold for $ 101,500 and had had a high estimate of $ 70,000; Lots 119 and 120, both by Christopher Wool (b. 1955), that sold for $ 96,000 and $ 79,500, and which had both carried high estimates of $ 35,000; Lot 131, «Negativert,» a large interesting 1983 work by Sigmar Polke (b. 1941) that sold for $ 96,000, a bit over its high estimate of $ 90,000; Lot 132, «Abstract Painting 816 - 3,» a 22 by 20 1/8 oil on canvas that resembles a melted multi-colored metal red, white and blue flag by Gerhard Richter (b. 1932), that fetched $ 79,500 and had had a high estimate of $ 0,000; and Lot 134, «Dein Ashenes Haar Sulamith,» a very fine 1981 work by Anselm Kiefer (b. 1945), shown at the top of the article, that sold for $ 79,500 and had a high estimate of $ 70,000.

M&M created a noise model to show the effects of decentered PCA on Monte Carlo significance benchmarking, and that's why their super-modelled noise matters, because the modelling choices change the benchmark estimates and the significance (or not) of the MBH98 1400 - 1450AD step.

The cooling in the graph shown is indeed 0.1 °C only as you observed, the 0.3 °C arises when we, conservatively, estimate all uncertainties in the modeling and the forcings.

Thus comparisons to model simulations (which generally estimate an impact comparable to that of Pinatubo in 1991) showed a pretty big mismatch (see Hansen et al (2007)-RRB-.

For tunings and other estimates, the model parameters should show the uncertainty initially.

The work is an estimate of the global average based on a single - column, time - average model of the atmosphere and surface (with some approximations — e.g. the surface is not truly a perfect blackbody in the LW (long - wave) portion of the spectrum (the wavelengths dominated by terrestrial / atmospheric emission, as opposed to SW radiation, dominated by solar radiation), but it can give you a pretty good idea of things (fig 1 shows a spectrum of radiation to space); there is also some comparison to actual measurements.

One nice thing that added was an application of their methodology to three CMIP3 GCM results, showing that their estimates 3.1, 3.6 and 3.3 ºC were reasonably close to the true model sensitivities of 2.7, 3.4 and 4.1 ºC.

See e.g. this review paper (Schmidt et al, 2004), where the response of a climate model to estimated past changes in natural forcing due to solar irradiance variations and explosive volcanic eruptions, is shown to match the spatial pattern of reconstructed temperature changes during the «Little Ice Age» (which includes enhanced cooling in certain regions such as Europe).

The top panel shows the direct effects of the individual components, while the second panel attributes various indirect factors (associated with atmospheric chemistry, aerosol cloud interactions and albedo effects) and includes a model estimate of the «efficacy» of the forcing that depends on its spatial distribution.

What this model shows is that if orbital variations in insolation impact ice sheets directly in any significant way (which evidence suggests they do Roe (2006)-RRB-, then the regression between CO2 and temperature over the glacial - interglacial cycles (which was used in Snyder (2016)-RRB- is a very biased (over) estimate of ESS.

For precisely this reason, the numerous proxy and model - based estimates of the variations in the average temperature of the Northern Hemisphere (not just just the Mann et al reconstruction, as implied by your comment) show far more modest temperature changes than those typically interpreted from specific proxy records from any one region.

Interestingly, the long - term variations indicated by the model simulations compared remarkably well with those documented by the tree - ring reconstruction, showing no obvious sign of the potential biases in the estimated low - frequency temperature variations that have been the focus of much previous work (see e.g. this previous RealClimate review).

I agree that the models tend to show less decadal ocean variability than observed (given the obvious caveats on the observational side), but absolutely disagree that this implies that longer term estimates are off.

When the CLIMAP data proved to be wrong, and was replaced by more reliable estimates showing a substantial tropical surface temperature drop, Lindzen had to abandon his then - current model and move on to other forms of mischief (first the «cumulus drying» negative water vapor feedback mechanism, since abandoned, and now the «Iris» effect cloud feedback mechanism).

Only one of the parties involved has (1) had their claims fail scientific peer - review, (2) produced a reconstruction that is completely at odds with all other existing estimates (note that there is no sign of the anomalous 15th century warmth claimed by MM in any of the roughly dozen other model and proxy - based estimates shown here), and (3) been established to have made egregious elementary errors in other published work that render the work thoroughly invalid.

This model - based range is shown as the grey band (labelled «Several models all SRES envelope» in the original Figure 5 of the TAR SPM) and ranged from 21 to 70 cm, while the central estimate for each emission scenario is shown as a coloured dashed line.