The work
shows these organoids mimic fetal development.
Picture B
shows a organoid which was infected at 35 days with Zika.
Not exact matches
The 2 - millimeter
organoids survived for at least two months, Chen said in an interview, and
showed «extensive» growth of human axons into the rat brain.
That is necessary if the
organoids are to grow bigger, probably the only way they can mimic fully grown brains and
show how disorders such as autism, epilepsy, and schizophrenia unfold.
The scientific community was
showing great interest in this new approach to growing
organoids even before the paper's publication.
Researchers modeled kidney development and injury in kidney
organoids (
shown here), demonstrating that the
organoid culture system can be used to study mechanisms of human kidney development and toxicity.
Last August in Neuron, his team described
organoids that survived for more than 20 months — long enough, analyses
showed, for astrocytes to mature and function in ways that mimic their real - brain counterparts.
Images
show 4 - week - old brain
organoids with no infection (left) and with Zika infection (middle, virus is green, dead stem cells are pink).
A Zika - infected
organoid (right)
shows collapse of the rosette, with fewer neural stem cells and neurons.
Studies
showed that healthy
organoids implanted in mice with diseased colons could repair injury.
And as Clevers's lab has
shown,
organoids can help predict how an individual will respond to a drug — making personalized medicine a reality.
«We have
shown that the hydrogel matrix helps the human intestinal
organoids (HIOs) engraft into the intestinal tissue, that they differentiate and accelerate the healing of the wound,» said Andrés J. García, Regents» Professor in Georgia Tech's Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering.
In this study, the researchers also
showed that they could grow tumor cells from patients into
organoids that could be transplanted into mice.
The
organoid is
shown after it was transplanted into a mouse.
«The ultimate test of functionality of an
organoid is to
show that it can integrate into a host,» molecular geneticist Hans Clevers of the Hubrecht Institute in Utrecht, the Netherlands writes in an email to The Scientist.
Not unsurprisingly given the fact that microcephaly has not been associated with dengue, the neurospheres survived much better than when infected with Zika and the brain
organoids showed no reduction in growth when compared to the controls.
Calcium imaging also
showed that the neurons in the
organoid were not firing sparsely, with isolated activity, as in cultured brain
organoids, but in synchronized patterns, suggesting an active neuronal network was developing.
Additionally, optogenetics experiments
showed that the
organoids» neurons were integrated into synaptic circuits in the mice's brains.
Further research
showed that too many neural progenitors in these
organoids had become neurons early on, leaving the developing brain without the resources it would have used to enlarge the forebrain.
Experiments on pancreas
organoids — models that are essentially balls of cells sampled from the pancreas of healthy people and pancreatic cancer patients —
showed that lowering antioxidant levels within cancerous pancreas cells, or cells on the way to becoming cancerous, kills them.
One study
showed that the implementation of these
organoids in mice with diseased colons can repair injury, suggesting the therapeutic potential of this research for Crohn's disease.
«This
shows that the approach has much greater potential than we ever imagined,» said Juergen Knoblich, of the Institute of Molecular Biotechnology in Austria, a pioneer in creating cerebral
organoids who was not involved in either study.
As in the patient's brain tissue taken after death, Sandhoff disease
organoids showed GM2 accumulation and overgrowth; they also had delays in gene expression.
Finally, they
show that miR - 142 inhibition reduces breast cancer
organoid formation, while miR - 142 and miR - 150 over-expression alters mammary gland organization.