Especially in early childhood, this complex network is highly sensitive to environmental cues; it is constantly looking
for signals from the environment to tell it what to expect in the days and years ahead.
«Taken together, our findings provide novel mechanistic insights into the initial stage of a new type of neuronal plasticity in health and disease,» says Gu, who points out that axonal varicosities have also been observed in healthy brains where neurons may respond to
mechanical signals from their environment.
«Regulatory RNA modules are attractive for applications in synthetic biology, because they
detect signals from the environment directly and instantly switch the subsequent genes on or off,» explains Johanna Roßmanith.
The even greater surprise is the recent discovery that
epigenetic signals from the environment can be passed on from one generation to the next, sometimes for several generations, without changing a single gene sequence.
Riffell and his colleagues hope these nerve cell recording experiments will help them understand how insects integrate and interpret
different signals from their environment and use this information to make decisions.
«The paper provides a dazzling snapshot of the process of transcription activation — the process whereby a gene is turned on in response to an
instructive signal from the environment,» said Ann Hochschild, professor of microbiology and immunobiology at Harvard Medical School, who also was not part of the study.
The system can help scientists determine more about how a cell reacts to its immediate environment, Bissell says, and how that process goes wrong in growing or spreading tumors, in which cells lose their ability to
read signals from their environment that would prevent them from dividing.
We are investigating the genes that are the target of this pathway, how it influences the cells of growing worms, the size differences between the sexes (hermaphrodite worms are larger than males), and the way in which it
mediates signals from the environment.
My research has focused on muscle plasticity: how cardiac and skeletal muscle cells sense and
transduce signals from the environment to the genome, thereby altering their structural and metabolic capabilities to perform contractile work.
Attachment develops in four phases.1 In the first phase — indiscriminately orienting and signalling to people — the baby seems «tuned» to certain wave - lengths
of signals from the environment.
The epigenome, on the other hand, can change rapidly in response to
signals from the environment.