Sentences with phrase «signaling in the brain as»

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Those nonverbals register in our brains as signals of trust or distrust in about 100 milliseconds or less.»

«Visual signals that the brain can not predict might be especially important, such as a car that suddenly appears, or maybe an approaching predator in the case of the mouse.

This is demonstrated in the studies reviewed in the special issue, which use computational models to examine brain processes, such as learning, emotion, dopamine signaling and information processing, and how processes interact in deficits underlying psychiatric disease.

BRAINY CHIMPS Some modern chimps have brain surface features that were thought to have signaled humanlike brain evolution in hominids from as early as 3 million years ago, scans suggest.

A number of individual genes have been linked to suicide, such as those involved in the brain's response to mood - lifting serotonin, and a signalling molecule called brain - derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which regulates the brain's response to stress.

We perceive sound after vibrations in the inner ear are detected by «hair cells» and transmitted to the brain as electrical signals.

Because of its ability to finely tune the signals it generates, an MRI can also show softer, more intertwined tissues — such as in the brain, spinal cord and musculoskeletal system — in rich detail.

None perceived a difference between the two types of sweat, but the pre-exam sweat had a different effect on brain activity, lighting up areas that process social and emotional signals, as well as several areas thought to be involved in empathy (PLoS One, DOI: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0005987).

After the incoming smell signal pattern is processed, this information is sent to different parts of the brain, including regions involved in memory and emotion, as well as to the cortex, where thinking takes place.

To explore the idea, he dissected the brains of rats, staining both ipRGCs and pain - signaling neurons to trace their paths.The ipRGCs connect to pain neurons in the thalamus, he found, suggesting that exposure to light could disturb pain - signaling neurons as well.

For example, being hungry affects the body, and signals associated with metabolism, as well as signals in the brain.

As SNX27 plays an important role in shuttling the AMPA - receptor to the brain cell surface, lower levels of SNX27 means fewer receptors are carried to the surface, which consequently interrupts the signal transmission and impairs memory.

The nerve cells involved in this integration process and control of hormonal signals reside in an area of the insect brain known as the mid-Ventral Ganglion (mVG), which in turn communicates with a region of the central brain that is akin to the mammalian hypothalamus.

As the animals learned, the researchers recorded electrical signals from individual neurons in the amygdala, a brain structure that forms memories of fearful experiences.

«Because you've associated things over time, you're going to associate a certain triggering point in the frontal lobe or the basal forebrain and tell certain regions of the brain stem to adopt a state of activity as if it were receiving signals from the body that were consonant with emotion x.

They showed that ZIKV infection of cortical progenitors (stem cells for cortical neurons) controlling neurogenesis triggers a stress in the endoplasmic reticulum (where some of the cellular proteins and lipids are synthetized) in the embryonic brain, inducing signals in response to incorrect protein con - formation (referred to as «unfolded protein response»).

GLP - 1 receptors are also found in the brain, and prior research has shown that activating them can boost the function of dopamine connections, act as an anti-inflammatory, improve energy production, and switch on cell survival signals.

As well as offering a way to create souped - up organisms, changing neural connectivity could one day allow us to treat brain damage in people by rerouting signals around damaged neuronAs well as offering a way to create souped - up organisms, changing neural connectivity could one day allow us to treat brain damage in people by rerouting signals around damaged neuronas offering a way to create souped - up organisms, changing neural connectivity could one day allow us to treat brain damage in people by rerouting signals around damaged neurons.

It is a product of all five senses (hearing included) interacting in unexpected ways, those sensory signals subject to gross revision as they are integrated by the brain into one complex, sometimes wonderful perception.

In other words, the brain extracts the stereo signal from the patches as a whole — interpreting the individual chunks as blobs — yet those patches themselves are seen to rival.

The question that carried him from vision research to autism had to do with what happens after light hits the human retina: How are the incoming signals transformed into data that are ultimately processed as images in the brain?

Just as in sighted individuals using vision, the brain regions that play a critical role in processing the structure and geometry of objects are distinct from the brain regions that process the cues that signal the material properties of objects in blind echolocators.

There are some disadvantages, he says, to a system that uses a cap instead of a device implanted directly in the brain, such as the background signals that the cap might pick up.

Scientists in the US are planning to map the brain activity of the dragonfly as it hunts, using a specially built backpack to transmit electrical signals from the insect's active neurons to a computer.

When activated by inflammatory markers in the gut, it sends a signal to the brain, where immune cells produce proteins such as IL - 6, leading to increased metabolism (and hence decreased levels) of the «happiness hormone» serotonin in the brain.

Dysfunction in dopamine signaling profoundly changes the activity level of about 2,000 genes in the brain's prefrontal cortex and may be an underlying cause of certain complex neuropsychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, according to UC Irvine scientists.

Neuroscience studies indicate that racial prejudices involve altered signaling in brain regions involved in empathy, which can be restored by cultural interventions such as increased racial contact or virtual reality training.

Scientists already employ fMRI, which uses changes in blood flow as a proxy for brain activity, to scan the brains of restrained monkeys, but Berns wanted to train dogs to willingly enter the machine and learn simple things, such as associating a hand signal with a reward of a hot dog, all the while staying still enough to collect interpretable brain scans.

It was originally investigated in 1995 by pharmacologist Franco Borsini and a team of researchers at Boehringer Ingelheim Italia in Milan as an antidepressant because of its ability to regulate neurotransmitters — the brain's chemical - signaling molecules.

In a study being published in the journal Neuron, researchers show that the signal molecule TGF - beta acts as a time signal that regulates the nerve stem cells» potential at different stages of the brain's development — knowledge that may be significant for future pharmaceutical developmenIn a study being published in the journal Neuron, researchers show that the signal molecule TGF - beta acts as a time signal that regulates the nerve stem cells» potential at different stages of the brain's development — knowledge that may be significant for future pharmaceutical developmenin the journal Neuron, researchers show that the signal molecule TGF - beta acts as a time signal that regulates the nerve stem cells» potential at different stages of the brain's development — knowledge that may be significant for future pharmaceutical development.

UCLA researchers looked at levels of these neurotransmitters — glutamate and gamma - aminobutyric acid, known as GABA — in a brain region called the insula, which integrates signals from higher brain regions to regulate emotion, thinking and physical functions such as blood pressure and perspiration.

The group employed various viral tracing methods — infecting receptor - expressing neurons with a virus strain and watching them spread as they label infected cells with a fluorescent protein — to visualize the neural circuit downstream of the ESP1 receptor, as well as providing an image of nerve fibers belonging to specific neurons in the brain and synapses relaying impulses from neuron to neuron, to map the anatomical foundation that conveys ESP1 signals in the brain.

«Normally, only pain receptors are involved in sending pain signals to the brain, but when the spinal dynorphin inhibitory neurons are lost, touch sensation are now perceived as painful,» says Goulding, holder of Salk's Frederick W. and Joanna J. Mitchell Chair.

He has shown that dogs have a positive response in the caudate region of the brain when given a hand signal indicating they would receive a food treat, as compared to a different hand signal for «no treat.»

Shlizerman's collaborators, including Steven Reppert at the University of Massachusetts, recorded signals from antennae nerves in monarchs as they transmitted clock information to the brain as well as light information from the eyes.

In contrast, the Stanford team's neural structures not only self - assembled as cortexlike tissue, the neurons also sent signals to one another in coordinated patterns — just as they would in a braiIn contrast, the Stanford team's neural structures not only self - assembled as cortexlike tissue, the neurons also sent signals to one another in coordinated patterns — just as they would in a braiin coordinated patterns — just as they would in a braiin a brain.

fMRI signals in the brain's visual cortex as an individual views the checkerboard stimulus.

Most people think of pain as something that happens in the body — I twist my head too far, and my neck sends a «pain signal» to the brain to indicate that the twisting hurts.

Their findings may turn out to be important when it comes to research into cerebral cancer, since it is known that components of the Hippo signaling pathway, such as neurofibromin 2, are involved in the generation of brain tumors.

The nucleus accumbens is recognized as an integration centre for signals coming from many different brain regions, but the precise role of the different connections, and the means of their integration, resulting in specific behaviours, was until recently impossible to dissect.

«Our results show we can detect a specific pattern of activity between neurons in the brain, recording instantaneous exchanges between them as persistent signals that can later be visualized under a microscope,» Gallio said.

The scientist explained that since the vestibular system would be responsible for orienting the driver and giving him the sensation of moving forward as he accelerated in a car, a faulty vestibular system could send crossed signals to the brain during the motion.

This may help us to understand how processes such as learning and memory formation, which require long - term changes in the brain, arise from the short bursts of electrical activity through which neurons signal to each other,» Greenberg said.

As King explains it, this channel is the first step in the process of amplifying pain signals up the spinal cord to the brain.

«Today it is State of the Art and we are able to quantify disturbances in serotonin signal transmission in the brain as the cause of depression and anxiety disorders.»

What scientists once thought was unremarkable cellular «noise» in neuron signaling has come to be viewed as important to overall system - wide functioning in the brain.

As the signals are passed along to higher and higher processing centers in the brain, they continue to be compared with larger and larger swaths of the surrounding scene.

As he later said at a conference on brain network dynamics, «It turns out that this is yet one more signal in the biological world whose «noise» is highly important and is very information rich.»

A well - known example of this is when the spinal cord continues to transmit signals even when the brain is no longer involved, as in the headless chicken running around the farmyard.

In studying the functional behavior of the brain, from control of muscles to the formation of memories, scientists are using such tools such as electron microscopy, recordings of electrical signals from individual brain cells, and imaging of brain structures and processes using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and high - resolution optical imaging.