Sentences with phrase «signaling our cells what»

Not exact matches

But to coax them down a specific path in the lab requires recreating the precise sequence and timing of environmental cues in the womb — the signals from proteins and hormones that tell cells what kind of tissue to become.

For example, to tease out what various sound signals might mean, the researchers had to figure out how kelp tissues respond to sound (turns out that it's highly dependent on alginate content, a gummy cell wall component of kelp).

What sets this «third» IL - 6 signaling mode apart is that the T cell receives the IL - 6 signals from the dendritic cell almost simultaneously with other signals.

«The potential advantage of stem cells,» says Eugene Redmond, a professor of neurosurgery at the Yale University School of Medicine and the lead author of that study, «is that they still have the potential to migrate and position themselves in appropriate places depending on what signals are there [in the brain].»

Saitou's efforts to find out precisely what is needed to make germ cells, to get rid of superfluous signals and to note the exact timing of various molecules at work, impressed his colleagues.

«There are signaling pathways that allow a cell to sense its environment and co-ordinate events to allow the cell to adapt to what's going on.

Then there's the West Palm Beach symposium, held to recruit participants for a study testing what happens when aging people get infusions of plasma (the fluid part of blood packed with signaling proteins and other molecules but no red or white cells) from young people who've taken a drug meant to activate their immune system.

A signaling pathway is how developing cells get instruction on what types of cell to become, such as a liver cell, a skin cell, a brain cell, etc..

What's more, they identified Cas as a critical, tissue - specific target of Hh signaling, which not only plays a key role in maintaining follicle stem cells but also assists in the diversification of their progeny.

«What we saw in mice lacking STIM1 — whose T - cells can not generate calcium signals — is that the number of mycobacteria in their lungs was dramatically increased, resulting in excessive inflammation,» says Stefan Feske, MD, an associate professor of pathology at NYU Langone and the study's senior author.

These results placed the resident OPC population in the focus of interest: what are the signals that control and enable the activation of these precursor cells in the adult zebrafish spinal cord?

«What we have found is that the Purkinje cell fills with more calcium when its corresponding climbing fiber sends a signal associated with that kind of sensory input, rather than a spontaneous one,» Medina said.

«Our results with Drosophila exhibit surprising similarities in some respects to what we know about the regulation of resting phases in mammals, allowing for speculation as to whether the Hippo signaling pathway in neural stem cells functions in the same manner in both vertebrates and invertebrates,» stated the paper's first author Rouven Ding.

The removal of BRCA1 from the cells, which simulated what could happen in the cells of a person with a BRCA1 mutation, resulted in increased lipid storage, decreased insulin signaling, reduced mitochondrial function and increased oxidative stress.

We have been using cell culture models and zebrafish as an assay to determine the effects of BMP on signaling, but we also want to be able to understand what the effect of the mutation is in the tissue and organ systems.

«Intracellular signaling depends on these protein modifications — so by doing these analysis, we know not only what's in the cell, but also how the cell organizes and communicates internally.»

That is because there are a few dozen distinct immune cells that release between 50 and 100 signaling molecules — molecules that tell the other cells what to do and when.

«In addition to known disease - related genes, we have discovered seven novel genes as the cause of X-linked intellectual disability and analysed what signaling pathways in the cells each protein is involved in,» says Kalscheuer.

Like a signal on your cell phone, you can't hear what the caller is saying if you don't have a strong signal.

«But what is really amazing is that when you cultivate old stem cells with signals from young fluid, they can still be stimulated to divide — behaving like the young stem cells.»

They are responsible for adding sugar molecules to numerous different types of proteins, whether it's a cell wall, or it's a small signaling peptide, which is what's responsible for the phenotypes in tomato.»

He and his colleagues have painstakingly studied the signals that guide pancreas development, applying what they and others have found to develop a method that turns stem cells into mature β cells.

Researchers want a blow - by - blow account of what happens in the cell as the neurosteroid plays its part in the intricate signaling dance inside a neuron.

I've still kept my own lab going focusing on understanding what pluripotent stem cells really are, and the extrinsic signals that govern their self - renewal and differentiation.

If cells could talk, they'd have quite a story to tell: Their life history would include what molecules they'd seen passing by, which signals they'd sent to neighbors, and how they'd grown and changed.

«The cool thing about the paper is that they can get the signals to actually mimic what the cells do,» says Marnie Halpern, an embryologist at the Carnegie Institution of Washington in Baltimore, Maryland.

«WiTrack transmits a very low - power radio signal, 100 times smaller than WiFi and 1,000 times smaller than what your cell phone can transmit.

And what's more, the team found that in healthy PK cells, Hairless blocked the expression of one of the proteins that turns off Wnt signaling.

Figuring that out could help researchers better understand what happens as cells are reprogrammed and may also provide new clues to the molecular signals that control the difference between pluripotency and totipotency.

But Lonard and O'Malley had a counterintuitive idea: what if they could disrupt key signaling pathways and kill cancer cells by overstimulating SRCs?

But what scientists did not know is how the mutations trigger a molecular signaling pathway that leads to the death of photoreceptor cells.

«Probably what that's saying is that it's really, really important for a plant to be able to modulate auxin signaling, to have the right amount in each cell, to balance positive and negative growth,» Korasick said.

What is there — a spinal cord, all major regions of the brain, multiple cell types, signaling circuitry and even a retina — has the potential to dramatically accelerate the pace of neuroscience research, said Anand, also a professor of neuroscience.

Now imagine being able to decipher what's going on inside cells simply by looking at them and watching the proteins and organelles shift in response to signals.

Loh and Chen wanted to know what signals drive the formation of each of the mesodermally derived cell types.

If scientists can understand just what causes synapses to strengthen as cells send their signals, he says, they «could rationally design drugs to combat memory loss.»

By manipulating the signals that the cells see at a particular time, the researchers were able to influence what type of cell they become and how they are organised.

Klemke's interests, and what he envisions to be the future of signal transduction research, is finding which of these signals are active — which are phosphorylated and dephosphorylated, for instance — during cancer cell metastasis.

«What's interesting is that even a single break transmits a global signal through the cell, halting cell division and growth,» says O'Shea.

For instance, stem cells seem to pick up chemical signals from surrounding bone cells about when to divide and what types of cells to create.

One way to use such peptides is to block the signaling that runs through the Gα protein, to see what happens in a cell when that signaling is lost and thereby learn what that signaling normally does.

«The system depends on internal instructions and external signals from the environment to tell the stem cell what to do and where to go in the body.

This will lead to detailed new information about exactly what molecular signals are provoked and how they may contribute to cell death.

Andrew Huberman, PhD: We know a lot about the biology of healthy ganglion cells, both in terms of what those connections look like and how those cells signal information about the visual world to the brain, in effect, how they tell the brain what's out there in the visual world.

Why It Matters: In human cells, signaling (i.e. telling the cell what to do such as releasing hormones or regulating a cell cycle) is initiated by external cues, and cell receptors facilitate the relay of the received information to regulatory elements in the cell.

Until 2009, biologists could analyze cells only in bulk, averaging signals from multitudes of them to get a picture of what was going on in a tissue.

What drove the motility response in T cells was synthesis of hydrogen peroxide, which then activated a signaling pathway that increases Tcell movement.

Within this broad topic we are particularly interested in characterising (i) the molecular mechanism by which these photoreceptors mediate light - dependent entrainment of the circadian clock, (ii) the components mediating, in a light - quality - dependent fashion, nucleocytoplasmic partitioning of phytochromes and UVR8, (iii) how phosphorylation and sumoylation of these photorecepors and other signalling components modulate red / far - red and UVB - induced signalling, and (iv) to what extent intercellular and cell - autonomous events contribute to phytochrome and UVR8 regulated photomorphogenesis.

Next Page: Cyclosporine [pagebreak] Cyclosporine What it is: Cyclosporine is an immunosuppressant drug that fights psoriasis by suppressing the faulty immune cells that signal skin cells to grow too quickly.

That's what your fat cells do when they expand: they send signals to your brain by way of a hormone called leptin to tell the brain how much fat is in your body.