Sentences with phrase «signaling proteins like»

And so early efforts centered on making sure the gas tank was filled — priming the immune system with cytokines (such as the interleukins) or with immune - signaling proteins like interferon to rev up the tumor - fighting response.

Not exact matches

If babies have more severe or persistent issues, it could signal an underlying cause like milk protein allergy.

Gloria Coruzzi and her colleagues at New York University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong suspected that these toxins may also be part of plant signaling system, and so they set out to see if plants had proteins like glutamate receptors.

«The protein travels by diffusion through the cells like electrical signals travel through the brain,» Zeng says.

The protein Gab2 works like a multi-outlet power strip for proteins in a chain of signals: It can pass on a signal it receives to several enzymes at once and can also amplify the signal.

Researchers still don't know how this range corresponds to their versatile functions, but being more like a string than like a lump with keyholes means that a protein can make many contacts with other molecules to regulate the network of signals that drives the cell.

In the hippocampus and the amygdala, areas of the brain thought to be associated with episodic memory, researchers had shown that the chemical signaling agent called glutamate acts like a key in the lock of some of these protein «flood gates.»

All volunteers experienced similar flu - like symptoms, increased body temperature and white blood cell count, and higher concentrations of inflammatory and signaling proteins, demonstrating to investigators that lexaptepid did not interfere with the immune response process.

That will require fully characterizing the protein and figuring out how DAZAP1 senses external signals like nutrients or growth factors that regulate its properties.

These signals generally work like a key (the peptide) fitting into a lock on the surface of a cell (the protein receptor).

Innate immunity is mediated by innate signaling including proteins called Toll - like receptors (TLR).

Binding to the family of NOD - like receptors triggers the assembly of large protein signaling complexes called inflammasomes, leading infected cells to die and produce inflammatory mediators.

A simple plant like the moss Physcomitrella patens has fewer signaling proteins than a complicated plant like soybean.

But large proteins like molecular motors or signaling proteins have multiple functional conformations, some of them too short - lived to be captured by X-ray crystallography.

Decorin is a protein that is part of connective tissue like bone, but that also plays a signaling role, interacting with growth factors to slow the rate that cells divide and multiply, unless turned off by too much p53.

The AMP - activated protein kinase AAK - 2 links energy levels and insulin - like signals to lifespan in elegans.

Toll - like receptor 9 signaling activates NF - κB through IFN regulatory factor - 8 / IFN consensus sequence binding protein in dendritic cells.

Endosomal signaling of the tomato leucine - rich repeat receptor - like protein LeEix2.

Ligand binding to inhibitory killer cell Ig - like receptors induce colocalization with Src homology domain 2 - containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 1 and interruption of ongoing activation signals.

Drugs like Gleevec ®, known as signal transduction inhibitors, work by «turning off» specific proteins in cancer cells that cause cancer cells to grow and multiply.

Abbreviations: AL3E, after L3 ecdysis; FoxO, Forkhead Box O; FRE, FoxO - Response Element; GBP, Growth - Blocking Peptide; GFP, green fluorescent protein; IIS, insulin / insulin - like growth factor signaling; ILP, insulin - like peptide; L3, third larval instar; pAKT, phosphorylated AKT; ppl, pumpless; qPCR, quantitative PCR; Rheb, Ras homolog enriched in brain ortholog; TOR, Target of Rapamycin

Based on these sources, we identify 497 genes with possible immune function in Nasonia (Table S1), including 75 encoding effectors (AMPs, proteins in the prophenoloxidase cascade, transferrins, and peroxidases), 96 encoding recognition proteins (including PGRPs, TEPs, Nimrod - like proteins, and numerous lectins), 101 encoding signaling proteins, and 225 encoding proteases or protease inhibitors.

Abbreviations: ASC, apoptosis - associated speck - like protein containing a caspase - recruitment domain; ATM, adipose - tissue - resident macrophage; BAT, brown adipose tissue; CCR2, CC chemokine receptor 2; CHOP, C / EBP (CCAAT / enhancer - binding protein)- homologous protein; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; GPCR, G - protein - coupled receptor; HIF, hypoxia - inducible factor; IFNγ, interferon γ; IKK, inhibitor of nuclear factor κB kinase; IL, interleukin; IRS - 1, insulin receptor substrate - 1; JNK, c - Jun N - terminal kinase; LDL, low - density lipoprotein; Ldlr, LDL receptor; LXR, liver X receptor; MCP - 1, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1; miRNA, microRNA; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; NF - κB, nuclear factor κB; NLRP3, NLR (nucleotide - binding - domain - and leucine - rich - repeat - containing) family, pyrin - domain - containing 3; oxLDL, oxidized LDL; PKR, double - stranded RNA - dependent protein kinase; PPAR, peroxisome - proliferator - activated receptor; STAT6, signal transducer and activator of transcription 6; SVF, stromal vascular fraction; TLR, Toll - like receptor; TNFα, tumour necrosis factor α; UPR, unfolded protein response; WAT, white adipose tissue

In leukemic cells, like in other cancers, STAT proteins are frequently constitutively activated in the absence of cytokine stimulation, providing malignant cells with persistent signals and self - sufficiency for survival and proliferation.1

For example, the insulin receptor substrate and phosphotyrosine binding proteins GAB1 / GAB2 emerged on the metazoan stem after the divergence of choanoflagellates, indicating that an insulin - signalling - like pathway may have been a key regulator of growth in early animals by tying into the ancient PDK1 and Akt kinases (Fig. 2b).

Amphimedon possesses homologues of bilaterian proteins involved in nervous system development (for example, elav - and musashi - like RNA - binding proteins, neural transcription factors), pre - and post-synaptic organization (for example, Discs large) 42, endogenous and exogenous signalling (for example, G - protein - coupled receptors (GPCRs)-RRB-, and neuroendocrine secretion, although bilaterian peptide hormones are not detected (Supplementary Note 8.9).

The broad conservation of neurohormonal signaling pathways between mammalian systems and C. elegans such as insulin - like signaling, serotonin, etc., validates studying the cell non-autonomous control of protein homeostasis by the nervous system of C. elegans to instruct our understanding of age - related human disease.

Crystal structure of a putative PII - like signaling protein (TM0021) from Thermotoga maritima at 2.5 A resolution.

A Tryptophan - Rich Motif in the Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 2 V Protein Is Critical for the Blockade of Toll - Like Receptor 7 (TLR7)- and TLR9 - Dependent Signaling

Abbreviations: AMPAR, AMPA receptor; AS, Angelman syndrome; BDNF, brain - derived neurotrophic factor; CaMKII, α - calcium / calmodulin - dependent protein kinase II; CGN, cerebellar granule neuron; co-IP, coimmunoprecipitation; DG, dentate gyrus; ERK, extracellular signal - regulated kinase; fEPSP, field excitatory postsynaptic potential; Gab1, Grb2 - associated binder 1; HFS, high frequency stimulation; IGF, insulin - like growth factor; LTP, long - term potentiation; PSD - 95, postsynaptic density protein - 95; SYN, synaptophysin; WT, wild type

Saturated fat and added sugars have both come under well - deserved scrutiny, but there are also issues with excess protein: in aggregate, stimulating sometimes unwelcome growth signalling, and of specific amino acids, like methionine.

But the way this protein chain is folded makes it act more like a signaling mechanism than a building block.

It also likes to create trouble, releasing signaling proteins called adipokines.

mTORC1 is the central component of the insulin - signaling cascade [insulin / insulin - like growth factor (IGF)-- phosphatidylinositol 3 - kinase (PI3K) pathway)(Fig. 1) that regulates protein synthesis and mRNA translation through 2 primary mechanisms: 1) inactivation of the repressor of mRNA translation, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E - binding protein 1 (eIF4E - BP1), and 2) the activation of 70 - kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase.

Follistatin - like 1 (Fstl1) is a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 4 signaling antagonist in controlling mouse lung development.

The similarity might explain why some drugs that are derived from plants — like particular sedatives and anti-epileptics — work in humans; the drugs can interact with proteins in the GABA - signaling system in both plants and animals.

Additional upregulated signal transduction related genes encoded proteins polycystin - 1L1, MLP and LIM regulatory proteins, fibrillins or related proteins containing Ca2 + - binding EGF - like domains, Ca2 + / Mg2 + - permeable cation channel, and other differentially expressed putative transcripts that may play a role in cellular signaling, including known extracellular proteins c - type lectin and collagen (see electronic supplementary material, table S5).