Sentences with phrase «signals our cells detect»

«Something similar occurs in our bodies when we're infected with these viruses; there are signals our cells detect that let our immune system know all is not well,» he said.

Not exact matches

Biosensors work by detecting a biological element (enzymes, whole cells or affinity biomolecules such as antibodies) and relaying the information through an electrical, optical or thermal signal.

In most vertebrates and some mollusks, the eye works by allowing light to enter it and project onto a light - sensitive panel of cells known as the retina at the rear of the eye, where the light is detected and converted into electrical signals.

We perceive sound after vibrations in the inner ear are detected by «hair cells» and transmitted to the brain as electrical signals.

The inner ear comprises the hearing organ or cochlea, together with the five balance organs (the saccule, utricle and three semicircular canals), which contain the sensory cells, or hair cells, that detect mechanical vibrations and convert them into electrical signals.

King hypothesizes that proteins that the single - celled ancestors of animals used to interact with the extracellular environment — to capture bacterial prey by binding to their cell surface and to detect chemical signals — were later repurposed to enable cells to stick to and talk to each other.

Dr Coleman and her group have developed a sensitive test to allow them to detect the location and number of the stem cells after they've been added; they report that the stem cells do not permanently integrate into the host tissue but instead produce signals that encourage the host's own cells to heal the fracture more efficiently.

Brain cells not normally associated with communication send out a signal when they detect blood glucose levels are running low, and this triggers the stomach contractions.

Exactly how they detect problems was unclear, but researchers now show that they respond to an SOS signal from dying cells that is relayed throughout the brain.

Because these light - sensitive cells are in close contact with nerve bundles, they might be the ones responsible for detecting visual cues and sending the signal along the nerves, Sumner - Rooney says.

When a T cell detects one, it morphs into a fighting machine, zapping invaders with lethal chemicals, multiplying into an army of identical killers or signaling other immune - system troops to join the attack.

With careful observation and experiments with mouse oocytes, the precursors of eggs, they've detected molecular signals that create an asymmetry in the machinery that drives meiosis, the cell - division process that gives rise to gametes.

Breast cancer cells were bathed in a nutrient - rich liquid, and, as the cancer cells grew, the investigators detected secretions of a signaling molecule called interleukin - 6 (IL6) in the liquid.

These receptors detect viral RNA and signal an innate immune response inside the cell that is essential for limiting and controlling viral infections.

When an external signal is detected by the cell, the other plasmid is also activated, leading to insertion of its sequences instead.

Normally, when the body detects an outside invader such as a virus, a signalling system known as the PKA pathway responds by turning on 99 genes that then activate T - cells to destroy the invader.

They receive and process signals from the retina's light - detecting cells, the rods and the cones, and transmit them to another set of cells that, in turn, transfer the information to the brain.

These cells are now thought to serve as the immune system's principal sentinels in the skin — when they detect damage signals from nearby wounded skin cells, they summon other, non-skin-resident immune cells to the site of the wound.

They have detected, for example, revved up signaling molecules involved in inflammation, such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and other cytokines; skewed populations of natural killer cells and other immune cells; imbalances in the protein - destroying enzymes called proteases; and a shortening of the telomeres, the «end caps» on chromosomes, which indicates prematurely aged cells.

Healthy hair cells can detect the magnified sounds from a hearing aid and convert them into neural signals.

When these photoreceptors detect light, they send a signal to specialized neurons in the retina called retinal ganglion cells, or RGCs, which then transmit visual information to the brain by firing electrical pulses along the optic nerve.

For sensor cells to receive signals, he says, there must be a mechanism for transforming the large, weak airborne sound waves into smaller but more powerful fluid - borne sound waves that the sensor cells can detect — a process called impedance matching.

We first considered that this could be an experimental artifact, since it is common for developmental genes to be expressed only in a few specific cells, which could lead to the signals from the marks being diluted out and not detected.

As Danny peers at the laptop, signals stream from more than 60 ultrathin electrodes — each sensitive enough to detect the murmuring of a single cell — and into the cables that emerge from his head.

Alterations in the genetic coding for a nerve cell receptor, which detects a chemical signal that is key to behavioral change, could point the way to designing therapies most effective for patients suffering from schizophrenia, drug addiction and other mental illnesses.

Any signal produced by the rod cell is then detected.

Because when the cell detects an EJC within a certain distance from a «stop» signal in a gene message, that is when it calls the NMD machinery into action, to halt decoding of the message and resulting in its degradation.

GFP immunoreactivity was detected in a subset of geniculate ganglion neurons (169/682, 24.8 %; Fig. 2B, C), whereas the P2X3 signal was present in nearly all ganglion cells (664/682, 97.4 %; Fig. 2B, C).

Moreover; in this study when siRNA was used to knockdown SPRINGTLY, a decrease in cell proliferation, invasion and increase in pro-apoptotic signals was detected [48].

When it comes to defending against DNA viruses, however, the Salk team found something interesting: the cell's response system begins the same way (with MRN detecting either DNA or viral breaks) but never progresses to the global alarm signal in the case of the virus.

Here we show how second messengers relevant to the Gq signaling pathway can be detected in living cells using assays for DAG, PIP2, and Ca2 +.

The receptors detect hormones and neurotransmitters and then signal other proteins in the cell to respond.

Microplate readers can be used to detect GPCR signal transduction in living cells.

Each detected PNB - specific signal of such duration will be counted as a confirmation of PC cell destruction; (2) theranostic dual - pulse treatment: the first pulse will be close to the PNB generation threshold to generate small non-invasive PNBs; upon detecting such signals the system will increase the energy to the ablative level and will generate the second pulse in the same direction to expose the same area or volume and to detect ablative PNBs.

When male SCID / NOD mice were injected with 5 × 106 cells, a baseline signal was not reported until two weeks after inoculation (Mitsiades et al., 2004), while Azab and colleagues, which inoculated 2 × 106 MM.1S - luc cells, reported that it took 3 — 4 weeks for sufficient tumor progression to occur and be detected (Azab et al., 2009).

A blood test can determine whether a person has a low red blood cell count (which could signal anemia) or a high white blood cell count (which could indicate inflammation), while a stool test will help detect inflammation and rule out infections with similar symptoms to Crohn's disease like C. difficile and E. coli.

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Chemo - receptors in the blood vessels detect the spike in blood glucose, and then signal the islet cells of the pancreas to secrete a hormone called insulin.

This test detects the small electrical signals given off by the cells of the retina when they respond to light.