Table 4.4 provides a summary of statistically
significant associations between individual parenting measures and health behaviours after controlling for family influences and the relationship between parenting measures.
As sections 4.3 and 4.4 show, each of the parenting domains (connection, negativity and control) contained parenting measures with
significant associations with both child health and health behaviours.
In this review, all of the 15 studies that focused on dietary self - monitoring
found significant associations between self - monitoring and weight loss.
Table 4.2 provides a summary of
statistically significant associations between individual parenting measures and health outcomes after controlling for the relationships between the parenting measures and some family characteristics.
All three studies exploring attachment used different emotional adjustment outcome measures and all
reported significant associations between at least one attachment style category and their outcome measure.
However,
significant associations remained between intake of certain diary products or fat from dairy products and metabolic measures, even after adjustment for other food habits and physical activity.
Overall, within species, we found that most successive time - periods of DNA gain or loss showed no
statistical significant association with DNA turnover from the previous time - period.
This systematic review
found significant associations between CSA and later parenting stress, though the results suggest that this effect is mediated by depression.
Five studies explored the relationship between social support and distress, with all of them
reporting significant associations (i.e. high social support and low distress).
There was no statistically
significant association between history of marijuana use and the likelihood of developing stage 2 or greater chronic kidney disease.
Asterisks denote a statistically
significant association for both marital status and family type with father - child relationship, *** p < 0.001
Some studies highlight that marital conflict shows the
most significant association with maternal distress in women who have recently given birth (Stemp et al., 1986).
When peer rejection has been analyzed as moderating variables
significant associations emerged between low math and verbal self - concepts, respectively, and high risk of behavioral problems.
Consistent with past research,
strong significant associations indicated that adolescents who carried a weapon or engaged in high frequencies of physical aggression also had high proportions of friends who engaged in deviant behavior.
Genotype and allele frequency analyses did not result in
significant associations when the combined endurance versus sprint athletes were compared (Supplemental Table 1).
After controlling for gender and Maladaptive Narcissism, Adaptive Narcissism
exhibited significant associations with Self - Esteem (β =.56), Physical Appearance (β = -.11), Approval of Others (β = -.28), and God's Love (β =.19, ps <.05).
This might explain the finding that
significant associations disappeared after adjusting for psychiatric diagnosis and, intriguingly, that in comparison with no SSRI exposure, children of women exposed to SSRIs only before pregnancy (which could be considered as a proxy of suffering from depression during pregnancy) were at increased risk of developing ASD.
Finally, it appears that the association between CSA and parenting stress may be influenced by both sample size and reliable measurement tools, with larger sample sizes and psychometrically validated measures producing
more significant associations between these two variables.
In the present study, Duffy blood group genotyping in P. vivax malaria patients from four different Brazilian endemic areas is reported,
exploring significant associations between blood group variants and susceptibility or resistance to malaria.