In additional experiments, the scientists found that participants who had significant antibody responses did not necessarily also have significant immune system T cell responses to avian viruses, indicating that these two arms of
immunity can be independently
boosted after vaccination or infection; that individuals who reported receiving seasonal influenza vaccination had
significantly higher antibodies to the avian H4, H5, H6, and H8 subtypes; and that participants with exposure to poultry had
significantly higher antibody responses to the H7 subtype, but to none of the other subtypes tested.