The core also appears to be surrounded by a relatively thin, hard shell of Iron Sulfide, underneath another relatively
thin silicate mantle somewhat similar to Earth's (NASA MESSENGER press release and featured image; Smith et al, 2012; Mike Wall, MSNBC News, March 21, 2012; and Paul Rincon, BBC News, March 21, 2012).
Unlike Earth, Mercury has only a relatively
thin silicate mantle and crust, only 500 to 600 km (311 to 373 miles) thick.
According to the computer model, only 1 to 2 percent of the initial metal would be trapped in
the silicate mantle when percolation stops, which is consistent with the amount of metal in the Earth's mantle.
As to the question of why Earth has never experienced these changes, he said: «Mars is much smaller than Earth, with a different temperature profile and higher iron content of
its silicate mantle.
Astronomers speculated that Mercury could have suffered a massive impact that stripped away
a silicate mantle.
In future simulations she plans to crank up both temperature and pressure to find out if iron could have melted and trickled through
the silicate mantle to give rise to the core some 4 billion years ago.
And a «lot of water» here means hundreds or thousands of Earth oceans's worth of water, completely covering
the silicate mantle of the planets, most likely in hundreds of km - thick high - pressure water ice layers, below thick liquid oceans or high - pressure steam atmospheres.
The Earth, Venus, Mars and some extrasolar planets have masses composed of 30 % for the metallic core and 70 % for
the silicate mantle.
Instead, Mercury, located on the inner limit of the Solar System, has a completely different composition, with 70 % for the metallic core and 30 % for
the silicate mantle.