Sentences with phrase «silicon crystals»

«What I can contribute is to understand the role of the Casimir force in real working devices, such as microwave switches, MEMS oscillators and gyroscopes, that normally are made of silicon crystals, not perfect metals,» Tang says.

In contrast, Maldonado and a pair of grad students have developed a process for making silicon crystals at just 180 F, using a method they likened to making «rock candy» from sugar.

To do this, they first had to resolve silicon crystal lattice defects to a point where the cavities were essentially equivalent to those grown on lattice - matched gallium arsenide (GaAs) substrates.

The company specializes in making silicon crystal wafers to be used in photovoltaic cells.

But the price of the high - purity silicon crystals used in solar cells skyrocketed as demand rose in recent years (it used to be available cheaply as an offcut from the semiconductor industry, but solar demand has outstripped this source).

A few factual notes: 1) «But the price of the high - purity silicon crystals used in solar cells skyrocketed as demand rose in recent years (it used to be available cheaply as an offcut from the semiconductor industry, but solar demand has outstripped this source).»

Minute liquid gallium droplets are deposited on a hot silicon crystal of around 600 °C in temperature.

The detectors, hockey - puck - size samples of germanium - and - silicon crystal housed in two - foot - long hexagonal instruments, are mostly hidden from view inside what Duong and the other physicists call the icebox.

By synthesizing pure, bulk samples of Si - III, Strobel and his team were able to determine that Si - III is actually a semiconductor with an extremely narrow band gap, narrower than the band gap of diamond - like silicon crystals, which is the most - commonly utilized kind.

More Earth - bound photovoltaics, like Suntech's Pluto line of multicrystalline cells, which boasts 17.2 percent efficiency converting one sun's light into electricity, or Suniva's ARTisun single silicon crystal cells that can convert 18.5 percent of the sunshine into electricity, cost more than $ 2 per watt.

Hong Tang and his colleagues at Yale School of Engineering & Applied Science sold DARPA on their proposal to assess Casimir forces between miniscule silicon crystals, like those that make up computer chips.

This is a very common method for producing large silicon crystals which are sliced into wafers for use in semiconductors.»

Today's silicon crystal solar panels are a dramatic improvement over the original Bell Lab designs, with some cells achieving a conversion efficiency of about 35 %, but the power output is still intermittent and load factors are very low, around 15 %.

While rock candy uses water that is super-saturated with sugar, the new silicon crystal process uses liquid metal instead of water, and silicon instead of sugar.

Another potential application comes from the fact that silicon crystals at dimensions of 5 nanometers or less fluoresce under ultraviolet light.

To fabricate the wires, the scientists employed a procedure known as the self - catalysed Vapour - Liquid - Solid (VLS) method, in which tiny droplets of liquid gallium are first deposited on a silicon crystal at a temperature of around 600 degrees Celsius.

In their first two experimental tests of the new method, the Munich researchers turned their attosecond pulse trains on a silicon crystal, and were able to observe how the light cycles propagate and how the electron wave packets were refracted, diffracted and dispersed in space and time.

A silicon crystal is doped by adding trace amounts of some other element that has either more free electrons than silicon's four (producing an electron surplus and making the result negative, or n - type) or fewer free electrons (producing a net electron deficit, and hence a positive, or p - type).

«High - energy ions» movement affected by silicon crystal periodicity: Thinnest - ever silicon crystal enhances ion channelling performance in particle accelerators.»

The thinner the silicon crystal, the better.

This suppresses the electronic influence of the silicon crystal while the graphene stays mechanically joined with the substrate: quasi-free-standing monolayer graphene.

Phosphorus - doped silicon is a promising medium for spintronics because each phosphorus atom «donates» an extra electron that orbits rather freely and hence is open to manipulation in the silicon crystal.

When the silicon is exposed to an electric field, a force is exerted on the silicon crystals, causing the spring to slightly compress or extend.

First image of the structure of a silicon crystal lattice taken by scanning tunneling microscope (STM), by Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer (1983) STM is one of the primary methods we use to see individual atoms and molecules, and it revolutionized many areas of science, including materials science (nanotechnology).

Some problems, such as an illustration depicting the equator running through central Texas and a picture of singer Linda Ronstadt that was labeled as a silicon crystal, were merely...

Also, I did some finite - element analysis many years ago as part of a research project on the superheating of silicon crystals (for more details of the project, you can go to my published research papers and scroll way, way, way down).

While the silicon crystals that the process currently produces are only about 1 / 2000th of a mm in diameter, the team is working to improve the process to be able to make larger crystals, which could then be used in applications such as photovoltaic cells.