Sentences with phrase «simulate clouds»

Depends on whether the models were meant to simulate clouds or whether clouds were used to «tune» the model and thus have to be seen as complementary of the models and not as their output.

The answer is nobody knows or even has a crude estimate, as the failure of the computer models to simulate clouds and their effect proves.

It is well recognized that our inability to accurately simulate clouds in computer models is the largest uncertainty in climate change projections.

Climate models can not simulate clouds explicitly because their dynamic scales (10 - 100 m) are much smaller than typical length scales of climate model grid boxes (25 - 100 km).

If you look at the scientific questions behind this, then I think the most important areas to look at are clouds, how to simulate clouds, the development of clouds, the life cycle of clouds, the land surface.

General circulation models do simulate clouds, and the clouds they simulate are a big part of the nature of their response to both doubled CO2 and to LGM forcing.

Given that clouds are known to be the primary source of uncertainty in climate sensitivity, how much confidence can you place in a study based on a model that doesn't even attempt to simulate clouds?

In order to evaluate this uncertainty, Lauer et al. (2010) used 16 GCMs and the International Pacific Research Center (IPRC) Regional Atmospheric Model (iRAM) described in Lauer et al. (2009) to simulate clouds and cloud — climate feedbacks in the tropical and subtropical eastern Pacific region.

The researchers first tested iRAM's ability to simulate cloud cover between 1997 and 2008, and found it reproduced the amount and pattern of cloud cover and how it changed from year to year.

The numerical models simulated clouds and snowfall over the Payette Basin, as created both in natural storms and with cloud seeding.

The team evaluated simulated cloud fields from the multi-scale aerosol - climate model and examined how specific human - caused aerosols, such as sulfate, black carbon (soot), and organic carbon affect those clouds and, in turn, the climate.

To solve this dilemma, Fan and colleagues decided to compare real - life summer storm clouds to a computer model that zooms deep into simulated clouds.

Then, they harnessed the statistical properties of hundreds of simulated clouds to derive relationships between vertical precipitation fluxes and probability density functions for vertical air velocity and condensate loading.

Besides SimCity, Maxis also made SimEarth, which simulated cloud albedo, CO2 content, etc. etc..

Researchers looking to compare climate model - simulated clouds and cloud observations from the ARM Climate Research Facility can access a helpful new tool.

Assessment of NASA GISS CMIP5 and post-CMIP5 simulated clouds and TOA radiation budgets using satellite observations.

Even in our very idealized simulations, where many sources of natural variability are neglected, multi-year averages are necessary to get a reliable estimate of the simulated cloud feedback.

Stanfield, R.E., X. Dong, B. Xi, A.D. Del Genio, P. Minnis, D. Doelling, and N. Loeb, 2015: Assessment of NASA GISS CMIP5 and Post-CMIP5 simulated clouds and TOA radiation budgets using satellite observations.

The problem is that today's best observations can not distinguish which models are simulating cloud feedback «correctly».

Wynant et al. showed a similar negative overall feedback with warming over all latitudes, based on model simulations using superparameterization to better simulate cloud behavior.

How about repeating the same experiment with water vapor, or better yet steam (to simulate a cloud).

No GCM can accurately simulate cloud formation because the micro-physics of cloud formation is still poorly understood.

However, existing data have not yet brought about any reduction in the existing range of simulated cloud feedbacks.

A recent study used NASA satellite observations to test the skill of climate models in simulating this cloud - type transition, and found that high sensitivity models simulate it more accurately, while low sensitivity models tend to overemphasize its climate cooling effect.

Observed and simulated cloud properties will be considered within the context of the aerosol and meteorological environment over the West Antarctic Ice Sheet using ancillary AWARE, reanalysis and satellite measurements.

From the IPCC 1st Assessment Report (FAR) to AR5, the main cause of the large uncertainty as to ECS in GCMs has been the difficulty of simulating clouds and their behaviour.

10 - 14 June 2013: CFMIP / EUCLIPSE Meeting on Cloud Processes and Climate Feedback, Hamburg, GERMANY Focus: Clouds and precipitation in a changing climate; Coupling between cloud processes and the atmospheric circulation; Ability of models to simulate cloud processes, and the impact of errors on model predictive capabilities

Not exact matches

The décor will simulate the beauty of an evening sunset with deep purple, red and honey - gold accents and subtle cloud forms hanging overhead.

Astrophysicists simulated the fate of a hydrogen cloud as massive as 10,000 suns that suddenly wafted near a black hole.

They do this by, for instance, measuring the electrical flows within the barriers to determine the functionality of these barriers — or by simulating lung - air interaction using clouds of artificial fog.

Using global inventories of pollution sources, they simulate air pollution plumes so that satellites can observe what happens when these modeled plumes interact with Arctic clouds.

Researchers are beginning to turn a corner in accurately simulating the large role of clouds and fine particles in setting Earth's temperature

From the largest visible swaths of paint to the tiniest strokes, Van Gogh's brushwork seems instinctually guided to simulate river eddies and cloud rotations.

Two half - ton steel pressure vessels simulate the Jovian atmosphere from the frigid ammonia cloud tops down to a depth of 230 kilometers, where the temperature rises to 325 degrees Celsius and the pressure to a smothering 74 times Earth's atmosphere.

They simulated two streams of interstellar gas coming together to form a cloud that, over a few million years, collapsed under its own gravity to make a cluster of stars.

«Knowing that a modeled relative humidity is incorrect does not directly translate into the necessary model improvements, and models might not correctly simulate the dependence of cloud properties on relative humidity,» she wrote in an essay accompanying the research, which was also published in Science.

When the research team activated the human T and B cells, simulating how these cells would respond when presented with a pathogen, the Xist clouds reappeared.

The simulated storm cloud dropped about 10 centimetres of snow per hour, comparable to extreme snowstorms on Earth (Journal of Geophysical Research, DOI: 10.1029 / 2010je003783).

«We'll be looking at a cloud, and we'll say: «How do we simulate that really hard edge there?

Ebert has also discovered that looking at clouds from both sides — their real incarnations and their simulated doubles on the screen — can reveal new things about the complexity of the natural world.

In the process, as he reports in a new paper in Astrophysical Journal Letters, he and his collaborators became the first to simulate three - dimensional exotic clouds in the atmosphere of another world.

The simulated image at left shows how the smaller particle size in Venusian cloud tops (compared to a typical 10 to 40 micrometers in terrestrial ones) causes the colored fringes to spread further apart than they would appear on Earth.

These data are used in large - eddy simulation (LES) models, which simulate atmospheric air currents and cloud processes, to provide context and a self - consistent representation of the atmosphere surrounding the SGP.

By contrast, iRAM simulates mean clouds and interannual cloud variations that are quite similar to those observed in this region.»

Thus the study shows that that iRAM simulates recently observed cloud cover changes in this the eastern Pacific more accurately than the GCMs, and iRAM also successfully simulates the main features of the observed interannual variation of clouds in this region, including the evolution of the clouds through the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle.

Methods: To better simulate Arctic and global climate change, it is essential to understand Arctic cloud physics, including how clouds form and are maintained in a mixed - phase state.

Scientists are working to understand their underlying processes, such as which particle surface properties encourage or discourage ice formation, called nucleation, so they can accurately simulate how, where, and when clouds are formed.

Further studies using PNNL's ice nucleation chamber will simulate the life cycle of aerosol in a cloud.

Using a three - dimensional cloud - resolving model with explicit representations of cloud physics, scientists simulated single - and multi-layer mixed - phase clouds observed in previous field studies.

The CLOUD experiment consists of a large instrumented chamber in which the atmosphere can be precisely simulated, and the formation and growth of aerosol particles and the clouds they seed can be studied under precisely controled atmospheric conditions.